MECATRONICA 1.

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MECATRONICA 1.

• Principles of electrical engineering
• Electrical engineering deals with the study and
  application of electricity, electronics and
  electromagnetism.
• Electrical engineering has many sub-disciplines
• - Power engineering
• - Control
• - Electronic
• - Microelectronics
• - Signal processing
• - Telecommunication
• - Instrumentation
• - Computer
• - Mechatronics

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Electronics

• Electronic components
• 1. List of electronic components
• 1.1 Interconnecting electronic components
• 1.2 Passive components
• 1.3 Active components (solid-state)
• 1.4 Active components (thermionic)
• 1.5 Display devices
• 1.6 Electromechanical sensors and actuators
• 1.7 Thermoelectric devices
• 1.8 Photoelectric devices
• 1.9 Antennas

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1.1 Interconnecting electronic components

• An electrical connector is a device for joining
  electrical circuits together. The connection may
  be temporary, as for portable equipment, or may
  require a tool for assembly and removal, or may
  be a permanent electrical joint between two wires
  or devices. There are hundreds of types of
  electrical connectors.

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1.2 Printed circuit board

• In electronics, printed circuit boards, or PCBs,
  are used to mechanically support and electrically
  connect electronic components using conductive
  pathways, or traces, etchedd from copper sheets
  laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
  Alternative names are printed wiring board
  (PWB),and etched wiring board. Populating the
  board with electronic components forms a printed
  circuit assembly (PCA), also known as a printed
  circuit board assembly (PCBA).

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1.3 Wire wrap

• Wire wrap is a technique for constructing small
  numbers of complex electronics assemblies. It is
  an alternative technique to the use of small runs
  of printed circuit boards, and has the advantage
  of being easily changed for prototyping work. It
  has been used to construct telephone exchanges,
  computers, control consoles, radios, radars,
  sonars, and other complex pieces of equipment
  that are needed in small volumes.

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1.4 Breadboard

• A breadboard is a reusable solderless device used
  to build a (generally temporary) prototype of an
  electronic circuit and for experimenting with
  circuit designs. This is in contrast to
  stripboard (veroboard) and similar prototyping
  printed circuit boards, which are used to build
  more permanent prototypes or one-offs, and cannot
  easily be reused. A typical breadboard will have
  strips of interconnected electrical terminals,
  known as bus strips, down one or both
  sideseither as part of the main unit or as
  separate blocks clipped onto carry the power
  rails.

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1.5 Stripboard

• Stripboard (often known by the trademark name
  Veroboard of the Vero Electronics company) is a
  type of electronics prototyping board
  characterised by a 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) regular
  grid of holes, with wide strips running one way
  all the way along one side of the board. Breaks
  are inserted in the tracks, usually around a hole
  but with care, it is possible to break between
  holes to allow for components that have two pin
  rows only one position apart such as twin row
  headers for IDC connectors.

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1.2. Passive elements 1.2.1 Fuse (electrical)

• In electronics and electrical engineering a fuse,
  short for 'fusible link', is a type of
  overcurrent protection device. It has as its
  critical component a metal wire or strip that
  will melt when heated by a prescribed electric
  current, opening the circuit of which it is a
  part, and so protecting the circuit from an
  overcurrent condition..

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1.2.2 Resistor

• A resistor is a two-terminal electrical or
  electronic component (measured in Ohm ? ) that
  resists an electric current by producing a
  voltage drop between its terminals in accordance
  with Ohm's law.

• ?

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Resistor Color Codes
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1.2.3 Capacitor

• A capacitor is an electrical device (measured in
  Farad F ) that can store energy in the electric
  field between a pair of closely-spaced conductors
  (called 'plates'). When voltage is applied to the
  capacitor, electric charges of equal magnitude,
  but opposite polarity, build up on each plate.
• Capacitors are used in electrical circuits as
  energy-storage devices. They can also be used to
  differentiate between high-frequency and
  low-frequency signals and this makes them useful
  in electronic filters.
• Capacitors are occasionally referred to as
  condensers. This is now considered an antiquated
  term.

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1.2.4 Inductor

• An inductor is a passive electrical device
  employed in electrical circuits for its property
  of inductance. An inductor can take many forms.
• Inductance (measured in henries) is an effect
  which results from the magnetic field that forms
  around a current carrying conductor. Electrical
  current through the conductor creates a magnetic
  flux proportional to the current. A change in
  this current creates a change in magnetic flux
  that, in turn, generates an electromotive force
  (emf) that acts to oppose this change in current.

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1.2.5 Piezoelectric sensor

• A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the
  piezoelectric effect to measure pressure,
  acceleration, strain or force by converting them
  to an electrical signal.
• Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile
  tools for the measurement of various processes.
  They are used for quality assurance, process
  control and process development in many different
  industries.
• Piezo electric sensors are also seen in nature.
  Bones act as force sensors. Once loaded, bones
  produce charges proportional to the resulting
  internal torsion or displacement. Those charges
  stimulate and drive the build up of new bone
  material. This leads to the strengthening of
  structures where the internal displacements are
  the greatest. With time, this causes weaker
  structures to increase their strength and
  stability as material is laid down proportional
  to the forces affecting the bone.

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1.2.6 Varistor

• A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the
  piezoelectric effect to measure pressure,
  acceleration, strain or force by converting them
  to an electrical signal.

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1.2.7 Transformer

• A transformer is an electrical device that
  transfers energy from one circuit to another by
  magnetic coupling with no moving parts. A
  transformer comprises two or more coupled
  windings, or a single tapped winding and, in most
  cases, a magnetic core to concentrate magnetic
  flux. A changing current in one winding creates a
  time-varying magnetic flux in the core, which
  induces a voltage in the other windings.
• The transformer is one of the simplest of
  electrical devices, yet transformer designs and
  materials continue to be improved.
• Transformers come in a range of sizes from a
  thumbnail-sized coupling transformer hidden
  inside a stage microphone to huge gigawatt units
  used to interconnect large portions of national
  power grids. All operate with the same basic
  principles and with many similarities in their
  parts.

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1.2.8 Switch

• A switch is a device for changing the course (or
  flow) of a circuit. The prototypical model is a
  mechanical device (for example a railroad switch)
  which can be disconnected from one course and
  connected to another. The term "switch" typically
  refers to electrical power or electronic
  telecommunication circuits. In applications where
  multiple switching options are required (e.g., a
  telephone service), mechanical switches have long
  been replaced by electronic variants which can be
  intelligently controlled and automated.
• The switch is referred to as a "gate" when
  abstracted to mathematical form. In the
  philosophy of logic, operational arguments are
  represented as logic gates. The use of electronic
  gates to function as a system of logical gates is
  the fundamental basis for the computer a
  computer is a system of electronic switches which
  function as logical gates.

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1.2.9 Circuit - Breaker

• A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated
  electrical switch designed to protect an
  electrical circuit from damage caused by overload
  or short circuit. Unlike a fuse, which operates
  once and then has to be replaced, a circuit
  breaker can be reset (either manually or
  automatically) to resume normal operation.
  Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from
  small devices that protect an individual
  household appliance up to large switchgear
  designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding
  an entire city.

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1.3 Active components1.3.1 Diode

• In electronics, a diode is a component that
  restricts the direction of movement of charge
  carriers. Essentially, it allows an electric
  current to flow in one direction, but blocks it
  in the opposite direction. Thus, the diode can be
  thought of as an electronic version of a check
  valve. Circuits that require current flow in only
  one direction will typically include one or more
  diodes in the circuit design.
• There are several types of semiconductor junction
  diodes
• Normal (p-n) diode
• Schottky diodes
• Zener --
• Avalanche
• Photo
• Light-emitting (LED)
• Laser
• Esaki - or Tunnel
• and more .

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1.3.2 Transistor

• A transistor is a semiconductor device that uses
  a small amount of voltage or electrical current
  to control a larger change in voltage or current.
  The transistor is the fundamental building block
  of the circuitry that governs the operation of
  computers, cellular phones, and all other modern
  electronics.
• Because of its fast response and accuracy, the
  transistor may be used in a wide variety of
  digital and analog functions, including
  amplification, switching, voltage regulation,
  signal modulation, and oscillators. Transistors
  may be packaged individually or as part of an
  integrated circuit chip, which may hold thousands
  of transistors in a very small area.
• Transistors are categorized by
• Semiconductor material germanium, silicon,
  gallium arsenide, silicon carbide
• Structure BJT, JFET, IGFET (MOSFET), IGBT,
  "other types"
• Polarity NPN, PNP (BJTs) N-channel, P-channel
  (FETs)

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• Transistor Types
• - field effect transistor
• - bipolar transistor
• - IGBT transistor
• - SIT/SITh (Static Induction Transistor/Thyristo
  r)
• - Darlington transistor
• - Compound transistor
• - Photo transistor

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