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Title: PresentationExpress


1
Objectives
  • Identify the events that led to the War Hawks
    call for war.
  • Analyze the major battles and conflicts of the
    War of 1812.
  • Explain the significance of the War of 1812.

2
Terms and People
  • Tecumseh Shawnee who attempted to unite the
    Indian nations to resist expansion by settlers
  • Battle of Tippecanoe Gov. William Henry
    Harrison defeated the Shawnee in 1811
  • War Hawks nationalistic western and southern
    Congressmen who urged war with Britain in 1812
  • War of 1812 war with Britain, 1812-1815
  • Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek and Seminole
    Indians and then the British at New Orleans

3
Terms and People (continued)
  • Francis Scott Key penned The Star Spangled
    Banner during the British attack on Fort McHenry
  • The Star-Spangled Banner Keys poem that
    later became the national anthem
  • Battle of New Orleans American victory by
    Andrew Jackson routing the British in January
    1815
  • Treaty of Ghent treaty ending the War of 1812
  • Hartford Convention meeting of New England
    Federalists who opposed the War of 1812

4
Why did the United States go to war with Britain,
and what was the outcome of that war?
In 1812, the United States found itself involved
in a major war that tested its strength and the
solidarity of its people. Americans managed to
fight the war and get the country back on track
in its aftermath.
5
Americans faced trouble from Native Americans.
  • Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother tried to
    unite Native Americans to fight American
    expansion.
  • Following victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in
    1811, William Henry Harrison burned Prophetstown,
    Tecumsehs village.
  • Westerners blamed the British in Canada for
    arming the Indians, and demanded action.

6
  • They were led by John C. Calhoun of South
    Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky.
  • They denounced Britains impressment of U.S.
    sailors and its support for Native Americans.
  • They believed an invasion of Canada would stop
    British aid to the Indians and force Britain to
    respect Americaat sea.

In 1811, the War Hawks took the lead in Congress.
7
  • But the nation was totally unprepared with only a
    small army and navy.
  • Thomas Jefferson advised Madison that an invasion
    of Canada would be easy.
  • He proved wrongand repeated attempts to invade
    Canada failed.

The War of 1812 began when Congress declared war
in June 1812.
8
Early on the British were occupied in Europe,
allowing several American victories.
The small American navy did surprisingly well. The U.S.S. Constitution defeated H.M.S. Guerrière Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British fleet on Lake Erie.
Americans won several victories against Native Americans. In 1813, Harrison killed Tecumseh who was aiding the British. But attacks on Canada failed
In 1814, Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek in Alabama. Jackson defeated the Seminoles and seized a fort at Pensacola.
9
1
British troops occupied eastern Maine. A second
army invaded New York from Montreal but was
turned back. A third force invaded Maryland,
burning Washington D.C., but failed to take
Baltimore. A fourth Army headed to New Orleans.
They would be routed by Andrew Jackson.
In 1814, Britain defeated France and then
launched a four-part offensive in America.
2
3
4
10
The Americans worst humiliation came when
British troops burned the White House and
Capitol.
11
  • Both sides agreed to return to pre-war
    boundaries.
  • A commission was set up to discuss any future
    boundary disputes.
  • Impressment and American neutrality were not
    discussed.

The Treaty of Ghent ended the war.
12
Several events of the War of 1812 fostered
American pride.
The British failure to take Fort McHenry in
Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to write
The Star-Spangled Banner. In January 1815,
Andrew Jackson crushed the British in the Battle
of New Orleans. The battle took place after the
war had officially ended. News of a treaty had
not yet arrived.
13
The war was not popular with everyone.
A group of Federalists held the Hartford
Convention in December 1814 to consider secession
and making a separate peace with Britain. After
the Treaty of Ghent, these Federalists were
discredited as traitors and by 1820, the
Federalist Party had disappeared.
14
The War of 1812
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