Islam II

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Islam II
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5 Pillars

• There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the
  Messenger of God
• Prayer 5 times a day
• Giving to the poor
• Ramadan
• Haj

Orthopraxy, not orthodoxy
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Zakat, giving to the poor

• He is not a believer who eats his fill while his
  neighbor remains hungry by his side (Quran)

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The Haj
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Sunni 6 Articles of Faith

• Unity of God
• Prophets
• Scriptures
• Angels and Jinn
• Final Judgment
• Free will/predestination

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Last Judgment
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Sunni and Shiite

• Caliph
• Abu Bakr appointed by majority
• Shiites say Ali, cousin and son-in-law of M.

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Ali and family
"A light that never will be extinguished."
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Shia shahadah

• "There is no god but God, Muhammad is the
  Messenger of God, Ali is the Friend of God, the
  Successor of the Messenger of God and his first
  Caliph."

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• Sunnis 85 --- Shiites 14

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Shiites

• Ali becomes Imam
• Imams inherit perfection
• 7ers
• 12ers
• Mahdi

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Imams (Twelvers)
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Sunnis
Shiites

• Hadith through early caliphs
• Imam just a prayer leader
• No priesthood just direct relationship with Allah

• Reject caliph hadith
• Imam
• Develop priesthood i.e. Ayatollahs
• Shrines of martyrs

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• Resistance to injustice is the central theme of
  Shiite Islam. (Moaveni in Lipstick Jihad)

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Rise of Shia 1979
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Ayatollah Khomeini
Rise of Shia 1979
Shah of Iran
SAVAK
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Baath Party

• Secular Arab nationalist

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Sectarian strife

• My community will break into 73 sects, and all
  of them will be in hellfire except one.
  (Muhammad)
• Nonetheless, all go on haj peacefully together

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Reasons for Muslim anger

1. Stalling of great Muslim empires

Salafi ideal Muslims need to get back to the
way Islam practiced in Ms day
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2.

• Fallout from Western colonialism and imperialism
• After WWI
• Despite Arab help in war
• Lawrence of Arabia

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3.

• Creation of Israel on Palestinians land
• Balfour Declaration, 1917 (secret)
• Perceived U.S. bias towards Israel

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4.

• U.S. dominance of Muslim lands
• Especially Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Pakistan.
• We are perceived as propping up anti-Muslim
  regimes
• Arabia and Baghdad

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• Islam is on its way to gaining world dominance,
  and the U.S. stands in its way
• invading and controlling
• seducing
• Most or all of the Muslim rulers whom we in the
  West regard as friends are regarded as
  traitorsand apostates by many if not most of
  their own people. (Bernard Lewis)

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Values Islamic Western
sovereignty-- Allah people
society-- communal individual
ideology-- Islamic principles secular
economic-- socialist free enterprise
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Muslim Brotherhood

• Hasan al-Banna
• 7 members in 1928 Egypt

Secret Apparatus a violent wing
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Muslim Brotherhood

• Sayyid Qutb
• In U.S. 1948-50
• In Egyptian prison1954-64
• Signposts on the Way
• Executed 1966

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• For Qutb, America was the ultimate example of
  civilization without culture.

The Great Satan, the insidious tempter who
whispers in the heart of men (Quran)
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Al Qaeda
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Al Qaeda

• Originally a base in Afghanistan to fight
  Russians
• U.S. helped train
• in 90 countries
• Decentralized
• 100 other jihadi groups

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Al Qaedas goals

1. To expel U. S. from all Muslim lands
2. To re-establish the Caliphate (not Saddam
   Hussein)
3. Islamization of the world

A fatwa states to kill Americans and their
allies, both civil and military, is an individual
duty of every Muslimuntil Jerusalem and
Mecca are freed from their grip (1998)
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• Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg NewsThe Most Rev. Rowan
  Williams, archbishop of Canterbury, on Monday
  addressed the furor over his remarks on Islamic
  law.