Ch 5 Lesson 2

1
Nutrients

• Ch 5 Lesson 2

2
Six Nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• each nutrient has a unique part in maintaining
  the normal growth and body function

3
CARBOHYDRATES

• the starches and sugars present in foods
• bodys preferred source of energy
• 4 calories per gram
• Two types of carbs
• Simple- sugars, fructose, dextrose
• Ex fruits, cookies, donuts, white bread
• Complex- Starches
• Ex whole grain breads, oats, brown rice

4
Role of Carbohydrates

• body converts carbohydrates into glucose, which
  is your bodys main source of energy
• extra glucose gets stored as glycogen in the
  liver and muscles
• when you need energy the glycogen is converted
  back into glucose
• if you take in more carbohydrates than your body
  needs or can store, the excess carbs are stored
  as fat
• FIBER- an indigestible complex carbohydrate
  found in tough, stringy vegetables, fruits, and
  whole grains
• Helps move waste through your body
• Reduce risk of heart disease 20-30 grams

5
Protein

• nutrient that help build and maintain body cells
  and tissues they are made of long chains of
  amino acids
• Body manufactures all but 8 of the 20 amino acids
• Those your body cant manufacture are essential
  amino acids
• Two Types of Protein
• Complete- contains adequate amounts of all eight
  essential amino acids
• Fish, chicken, eggs, milk, cheese
• Incomplete- lack one or more of the essential
  amino acids
• Beans, nuts, peas, whole grains

6
Role of Protein

• Build new cells and tissues especially during
  growth periods
• Body replaces worn-out cells by making new ones
  from protein
• Can use protein for energy, not main source
• 4 calories per gram

7
Fats

• some fat in the diet is necessary for good health
• Fats are types of Lipids- a fatty substance that
  does not dissolve in water
• Fats provide more than twice the energy of carbs
  or protein
• fat9 calories per gram

8
Role of Fats

• Concentrated form of energy
• Transport vitamins A,D,E and K in your blood
• Source of linoleic acid- essential fatty acid
  needed for healthy skin and growth
• Help satisfy hunger longer than other foods
• No more than 20-30 percent of your daily calorie
  intake should be fats

9
Fat (cont)

• Cholesterol- a waxy lipid like substance that
  circulates in blood
• Your body uses the small amount it manufactures
  to make cell membranes and nerve tissue
• Excess blood cholesterol is deposited in
  arteries, including those in your heart which
  increases risk of heart disease
• Can reduce risks by eating diets low in saturated
  fats and cholesterol

10
Vitamins

• compounds that help regulate many vital body
  processes, including the digestion, absorption,
  and metabolism of other nutrients
• Two Types of Vitamins
• Fat Soluble- are absorbed, stored, and
  transported in fat body stores these in your
  fatty tissue, live and kidneys excess build up
  can be toxic
• Water Soluble- dissolve in water and pass easily
  into the blood during digestion the body does
  not store these you need to replenish them
  regularly

11
Minerals

• substances that the body cannot make but that are
  needed for forming healthy bones, teeth, and for
  regulating many vital body processes
• Calcium- builds bones and teeth
• Phosphorus- gives bones and teeth rigidity
  essential in cell metabolism
• Magnesium- enzyme activator related to
  carbohydrate metabolism aids in bone growth
• Iron- part of the red blood cells oxygen and
  carbon dioxide transport system

12
Water

• Vital to every body function!
• Transports nutrients and carries wastes from your
  cells
• Lubricates your joints and mucous membranes
• Drink 8 cups of water a day to maintain health