The Spark

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The Spark
Princip
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The Chain Reaction

• Austria issues Serbia with an ultimatum, but
  decides to declare war even when Serbia accepts
  all the points but one
• Russia declares war on Austria.
• Germany declares war on Russia
• Germany also declares war on France and marches
  through Belgium.
• Britain declares war on Germany for violating
  Belgian neutrality.
• Italy declares its neutrality

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Todays Questions

1. How was World War I fought?
2. What were 5 new technologies that changed warfare
   during the Great War?

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Trenches and Technology

• Warfare in the Great War (World War I)

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Trenches
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Trenches

• Jane Addams said Allied soldiers were given
  stimulants (alcohol, drugs) before they would or
  could charge with their bayonets.

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Trenches

• Lice, rats, barbed wire, fleas, shells, bombs,
  underground caves, corpses, blood, liquor, mice,
  cats, artillery, filth, bullets, mortars, fire,
  steel that is what war is Otto Dix, German
  soldier

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Trenches

• Trench foot
• Caused by feet staying wet 24 hours a day
• Feet swell, become numb, turn blue
• Change socks 3 times a day to avoid

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Trenches

• Poison Gas
• Germans used it first against the Russians in
  1915
• Mustard gas
• Skin blistered
• Eyes became very sore
• Vomiting
• Internal and external bleeding
• Attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the
  mucous membrane
• Usually 4-5 weeks to die after being poisoned

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British Gas Casualties 1914-1918
Deaths Survivors
Chlorine 1,976 164,457
Mustard Gas 4,086 16,526
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Mustard Gas

• Great mustard-coloured blisters, blind eyes, all
  sticky and stuck together, always fighting for
  breath, with voices a mere whisper, saying that
  their throats are closing and they know they will
  choke." Nurse Vera Brittain

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Victims of Mustard Gas
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Technology

• Tank
• British invention
• Mobile killing machine
• Designed to overcome trenches, wire, and
  landmines
• Dangerous to people inside

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Technology

• Machine Guns
• Maxim gun
• Deadliest weapon of war
• 600 bullets a minute (10 bullets a second)
• One machine gun80 men with rifles

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Technology

• Airplanes
• Little effect Clumsy bombers small bombs
• Used mainly to observe enemy

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Airplanes

• Aces (pilots with 5 downed enemy planes) engaged
  in dogfights
• Most famous
• Germanys Red Baron
• (Manfred von Richtofen)
• 80 victories
• Americas
• Eddie Rickenbacker
• 26 victories

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Technology

• Unterseeboot (U-Boat)
• Submarines with guns and torpedoes
• Used to block trade
• Sank over 11 million tons of Allied shipping

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