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Italian Renaissance

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Title: Italian Renaissance


1
Italian Renaissance
  • 1300-1600

2
Italian States
  • The civilization of the Italian Renaissance was
    urban, centered on towns that had become
    prosperous from manufacturing, trade, and
    banking.
  • Italians had acquired considerable wealth, and
    some of this wealth was used to support writers,
    scholars, and artists.

3
  • During the Renaissance, Italy remained divided
    politically. In northern Italy, the city-states
    of Florence, Milan, and Venice became major
    centers of the Renaissance civilization.
  • Rome dominated the Papal States of central Italy,
    while the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies embraced
    most of southern Italy.

4
Italian States
  • Florence
  • Oligarchy
  • Medici family
  • Savonarola
  • Milan
  • Condottiere
  • Spanish empire
  • Venice
  • Great Council
  • Doge
  • Monopoly on spice and luxury trade
  • Papal States
  • Renaissance Popes
  • Julius II
  • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
  • Poor land
  • Spanish empire

5
Renaissance Literature
  • Tuscan Triumvirate ---gt vernacular
  • Dante Alighieri
  • Divine Comedy
  • Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch)
  • Italian sonnet - poem of 14 lines (8 and 6)
  • Literary humanism
  • Giovanni Boccaccio
  • Decameron
  • Niccolo Machiavelli
  • The Prince
  • Bladassare Castiglione
  • The Book of the Courtier
  • Benvenuto Cellini
  • Autobiography
  • Lorenzo Valla
  • Linguistic/historical analysis

6
Italian Renaissance Art
  • Religious scenes focused on expressions
  • Holy as human
  • Gods beauty in world
  • Neo-Platonism
  • Nude body
  • Uniqueness - self-portraits
  • Pagan myths as Christian icons
  • Individual-secular-profane

7
Giotto
  • Religious subjects in more human fashion and
    realistic setting
  • Illusion of depth

8
Masaccio
  • Used light and shade to perspective
  • The Holy Trinity

9
Sandro Botticelli
  • Vivid colors
  • Classical mythology
  • The Adoration of the Magi
  • The Birth of Venus
  • Primavera

10
Leonardo da Vinci
  • First Italian artist to use oil paints
  • Mona Lisa
  • The Last Supper
  • The Virgin of the Rocks
  • Religious matter in secular and humanized fashion

11
Leonardo da Vinci
  • Studying fossils
  • Anatomy from dissections
  • First accurate description of human skeleton
  • Remained on paper

12
Raphael Santi
  • Humanized Madonna paintings
  • Sistine Madonna
  • School of Athens

13
Michelangelo Buonarotti
  • Sistine Chapel
  • Nine scenes of OT from Creation to Flood
  • The Last Judgment
  • David
  • Moses
  • Pieta
  • Dying Slave
  • Night

14
Michelangelo Buonarotti
15
Titian
  • Tiziano Vecellio
  • Most famous Venetian painter
  • One painting a month
  • Titian red
  • The Assumption of the Virgin

16
The Northern Renaissance
  • The influence of the Italian Renaissance
    gradually spread northward.
  • The Northern Renaissance was infused with a more
    Christian spirit than in Italy, where there had
    been often an almost open revolt against
    Christian ideals.

17
Renaissance in Germany and Low Countries
  • Printing press w/ moveable type
  • Johannes Gutenberg
  • 1456 - the Bible
  • Rapid spread of knowledge

18
  • Christian Humanism
  • Unite classical learning w/ Christian faith
  • Erasmus
  • Prince of the Humanists
  • Praise of Folly
  • Rejected Luther

19
Flemish Painting
  • Jan and Hubert van Eyck
  • First to use oil paints
  • The Adoration of the Lamb
  • Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride

20
  • Hieronymus Bosch
  • Nightmarish fantasy worlds
  • Garden of Earthly Delight

21
  • Peter Brueghel
  • Earthly and lively activities of peasants
  • Peasant Wedding
  • Childrens Games

22
German Painting
  • Albrecht Durer
  • Mastery of expression
  • Woodcuts
  • Self-Portrait

23
  • Hans Holbein the Younger
  • Portraits
  • Henry VIII
  • Erasmus
  • Thomas More
  • The Ambassadors

24
Elizabethan Literature
  • Edmund Spenser
  • Leading poet
  • Christopher Marlowe
  • playwright
  • Brief career
  • Doctor Faustus
  • William Shakespeare
  • Most famous playwright
  • Ben Jonson
  • Last major literary figure

25
Spanish Renaissance
  • Cardinal Fransciso Jumenez de Cisneros
  • Miguel de Cervantes
  • Don Quixote
  • Felix Lope de Vega
  • Most prolific playwright
  • El Greco
  • Greatest painter of SR
  • Studied with Titian
  • Intense religious mysticism
  • Mannerism
  • El Escorial

26
The Protestant Reformation
  • 1517 - Luther posts 95 Theses
  • 1534 - Act of Supremacy
  • 1555 - Peace of Augsburg

27
Martin Luther
  • Planned to be a lawyer
  • Religious conversion to Augustinian monk
  • Theology teacher at university of Wittenberg
  • The just shall live by faith. Romans (117)
  • Justification by faith
  • Johann Tetzel
  • Indulgence controversy
  • 95 Theses
  • Diet of Worms

28
Lutheranism
  1. Justification by faith
  2. Sola scriptura
  3. Baptism and holy communion
  4. Priesthood of believers
  5. German translation of Bible
  6. Abolished monasteries and celibacy of clergy

29
Lutheranism
30
Lutheranism
  • Peasants Revolt
  • Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
  • Diet of Augsburg
  • Peace of Augsburg
  • German prince right to determine religion of his
    state
  • Lutheran or Roman Catholic
  • No recognition of Calvinists or Anabaptists
  • Lutheranism dominant in northern Germany and
    Scandinavia

31
Calvinism
  • Ulrich Zwingli
  • Humanist and Catholic priest
  • Sacraments only symbolic ceremonies
  • Rejected celibacy of clergy
  • Emphasized simplicity in worship
  • Killed by Catholic forces
  • John Calvin
  • Protestant
  • Exile in Geneva
  • Institutes of the Christian Religion
  • Predestination
  • Salvation by election
  • Puritanism
  • Theocracy

32
Spread of Calvinism
  • Switzerland
  • France
  • Huguenots
  • John Knox
  • Presbyterians
  • England
  • Puritans
  • Netherlands
  • Max Webers theory of the Protestant work ethic

33
Anglicanism
  • King Henry VIII
  • Divorce of Catherine of Aragon
  • Thomas Cramner
  • Act of Supremacy
  • King head of Church of England
  • Six Articles
  • No papal supremacy
  • Sold monasteries
  • Supported by English people
  • Papal taxes
  • Babylonian Captivity
  • Monastic land
  • Execution of Thomas More
  • Edward VI
  • 42 Articles
  • More Protestant
  • Cramners Book of Common Prayer
  • Bloody Mary
  • Executed Cramner
  • Married Philip II
  • Elizabeth I
  • Last Tudor
  • 39 Articles
  • Opposition
  • Pilgrims - Separatists
  • Mary Queen of Scots
  • Philip II

34
Anabaptism
  • Radicals of the PR
  • Rejection of infant baptism
  • Active in Peasants Revolt
  • Thomas Munzer
  • John of Leyden
  • Menno Simons
  • Mennonites
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