Energy Efficiency Practical Options for residents/commercial spaces

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Energy EfficiencyPractical Options for
residents/commercial spaces
Presenter Benise Joseph
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What is ENERGY EFFICIENCY?

• The ability to reduce the amount of energy
  required to provide the same product or service.
• Using less energy to provide the same service.

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Conservation and Energy Efficiency

• Conservation means that you save or conserve
  energy but this usually includes changing your
  lifestyle
• Energy Efficiency, there is usually no change is
  lifestyle just a change in product or services.
• The two concepts usually work very well together.

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Areas to apply Energy Efficiency Tips
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Areas to apply Energy Efficiency Tips (cont.)
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Lighting

• Turn off lights (and other equipment) when not in
  use. High utility costs often include paying for
  energy that is completely wasted.
• Consider switching to LED which are energy star
  labelled. Which means they have been tested. If
  LED lights are too costly consider using T8
  (1-inch), electronic ballast fluorescent tubes

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Lighting

• Install switch plate occupancy sensors in proper
  locations to automatically turn off lighting when
  no one is present and back on when people return.
  Even good equipment can be installed wrong, so
  don't install the sensor behind a coat rack,
  door, bookcase, etc. It must be able to "see" an
  approaching person's motion to turn on the light
  before or as they enter an unlit area.

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Lighting

• Adjust lighting to your actual needs use free
  "daylight" during the day.
• To prevent glare, eyestrain and headaches, do not
  "over-light." Too much light can be as bad for
  visual quality as too little light - and it costs
  a lot more

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Air Conditioning

• When buying AC systems choose wisely and buy
  energy star labelled equipment.
• Tune-up" your heating, ventilating and
  air-conditioning system with an annual
  maintenance.
• Regularly change (or clean if reusable) AC
  filters. New filters usually only cost a few
  dollars. Dirty filters cost more to use, overwork
  the equipment and result in lower indoor air
  quality.

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Air Conditioning

• Control direct sun through windows, depending,
  block direct heat gain from the sun shining
  through glass on the East and especially West
  sides. Options such as "solar screens," "solar
  films," awnings, and vegetation can help keep
  facilities more cool. Over time, trees can
  attractively shade the facility, and help clean
  the air. Interior curtains or drapes can help,
  but it's best to prevent the heat from getting
  past the glass and inside.

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Air Conditioning

• Use fans to maintain comfortable temperature,
  humidity and air movement, and save energy year
  round. Moving air can make a somewhat higher
  temperature and/or humidity feel comfortable.
  Fans can help delay or reduce the need for air
  conditioning, and a temperature setting of only
  three to five degrees higher can feel as
  comfortable with fans.

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Office Equipment

• Always buy Energy Star qualified products for
  your small business. The ENERGY STAR mark
  indicates the most efficient computers, printers,
  copiers, refrigerators, televisions, windows,
  thermostats, ceiling fans, and other appliances
  and equipment.
• Unplug battery chargers when the batteries are
  fully charged or the chargers are not in use.

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Office Equipment

• Turning off machines when they are not in use can
  result in enormous energy savings. There is a
  common misconception that screen savers reduce
  energy use by monitors they do not. Automatic
  switching to sleep mode or manually turning
  monitors off is always the better energy-saving
  strategy.

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Office Equipment

• To maximize savings with a laptop, put the AC
  adapter on a power strip that can be turned off
  (or will turn off automatically) the transformer
  in the AC adapter draws power continuously, even
  when the laptop is not plugged into the adapter.

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Office Equipment

• Common misconceptions sometimes account for the
  failure to turn off equipment. Many people
  believe that equipment lasts longer if it is
  never turned off.
• Consider buying a laptop for your next computer
  upgrade they use much less energy than desktop
  computers, resulting in long-term savings.

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Office Equipment

• Many appliances continue to draw a small amount
  of power when they are switched off. These
  "phantom" loads occur in most appliances that use
  electricity, such as VCRs, televisions, stereos,
  computers, and kitchen appliances. In the average
  home, 75 percent of the electricity used to power
  home electronics is consumed while the products
  are turned off. This can be avoided by unplugging
  the appliance, or using a power strip and the
  strip's on/off switch to cut all power to the
  appliance

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Office Equipment

• Studies have shown that using rechargeable
  batteries for products like cordless phones and
  PDAs is more cost effective than throwaway
  batteries. If you must use throwaways, check with
  your trash removal company about safe disposal
  options.

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Heating

• Use Solar Water heating instead of electrical
  heating.

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Vehicles

• Save money by buying vehicles that are more fuel
  efficient for your home or business.
• Use vehicles that give more miles per gallon of
  gas
• Use electric/hybrid vehicles or vehicles that use
  alternative sources of energy

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Food Service Equipment

• Purchase energy star qualified commercial food
  service equipment. For example, qualified
  refrigerators and freezers deep fryers hot food
  holding cabinets and steam cookers.

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Water Conservation

• Fix leaks. Small leaks add up to many gallons of
  water and dollars wasted each month. Water
  conservation saves energy and money.
• Use water-saving faucets and showerheads and
  urinals to save water.
• Set water temperature only as hot as needed
  (110-120 degrees) to prevent burns and save energy

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Conservation Reduce Waste

• Transformers
• Appliances in sleep mode
• Ironing batch vs daily
• Unattended TV, Computer, etc
• Think if you are not using it, it should not be
  powered

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Types of Energy Labels
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Appliances That Should Be Labeled

• Cars
• Washing Machines
• Refrigerators
• Computers
• Air Conditioners
• Always ask!!

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Types of Renewable Energy
HYDRO
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Advantages of Renewable Energy

• It is sustainable, it will not run out
• Less cost of maintenance because energy is
  produced from natural sources
• Environmental Impact reduces the production of
  carbon dioxide.

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Disadvantages

• Reliability is an issue
• High Initial Cost

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Solar Energy
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HOW CAN WE USE THE SUN TO PRODUCE ENERGY

• PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (PV)
• SOLAR DRYERS
• SOLAR WATER HEATERS
• SOLAR AC UNITS

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PV PANELS
Types Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous
Silicon
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Arrangement of PV

• Many cells make a Panel
• Panels are connected together to make a string
• Many strings make an ARRAY

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HOW DOES PV PANELS WORK

• Sunlight falls onto the PV cells and this energy
  is converted to electrical energy (direct
  current)DC. The stronger the sunlight more
  electricity is generated.
• This DC current is the same type of electricity
  produced from a battery so it needs to be
  converted into Alternating Current (AC) by the
  use of an inverter to be used for most household
  equipment

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TYPICAL IRRADIATION CURVE
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What does the Irradiance Curve show?

• This is the typical sunlight penetration that an
  area receives at a certain time and day of the
  month.
• This varies from month to month and time of the
  day

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Solar PV for Homes
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Cost of PV's

• PV systems cost about - 8/W
• If a panel is 180 Wp (Watt peak maximum power at
  peak time)
• There for a 5kW system about 27/28 panels would
  needed.
• Therefore the cost would be about 50,000 for the
  system including accessories.

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Simple Pay Back Period

• Calculations are very basic
• Assuming the cost of electricity is about
  1.00/kW
• And about 2 hours of electricity consumption is
  saved everyday then the payback period would be
  about 15 years.

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LUCELEC

• Installed Capacity - 88.9 MW
• Peak Demand - 60MW
• Limit on Solar PV
• 5kW - for Households
• 25kW - Commercial Businesses

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What is Net- Metering
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Lucelec Net Meterng Policy

• LUCELEC will allow all excess renewable energy
  generated and delivered to the distribution grid
  system,
• Excess energy under the Net-Metering contract may
  be banked for up to a maximum period of one year.
  At the end of the calendar year, the excess
  energy that is not netted off against consumption
  will be forfeited to LUCELEC and the Net-Metering
  customer will be allowed to begin banking excess
  energy for the next calendar year.
• Any excess energy that is banked will be netted
  off on the next or subsequent billing periods
  from the energy consumed by that customer on the
  account on which the small renewable energy
  generator is installed. The applicable published
  rate, for the account will continue to be used
  for the net metering

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What is the government doing to increase
Renewable Energy Use

• Customs Duty waivers on Renewable Energy and
  Energy Efficient Equipment
• Promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy
  Efficiency in the Public Sector and Private
  Sector
• Encourage from financial institutions to give
  loans for Renewable Energy Systems

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Questions?????