Quality Leadership

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Quality Leadership?????

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• EMBA, DMgt, DBA and Global DBA
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What is Leadership?

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What is Leadership?

• Movement in a resistant medium ????
• The capacity to translate intention into reality
  and sustain it ????,????
• Driving good ideas and innovations into existence
  by courageous patience
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• Becoming yourself, learning who you are and what
  you stand for ????, ????

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What is Leadership?

• In order to lead under duress, one must be a
  moralistthis requires a clear perception of
  right and wrong and the integrity to stand behind
  ones assessment
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Leadership
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Types of Leadership Style???????
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Types of Leadership Style

• Autocratic ???
• Leader makes decisions without reference to
  anyone else
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• High degree of dependency on the leader
• Can create de-motivation and alienation of staff
  ?????????, ????
• May be valuable in some types of business where
  decisions need to be made quickly and decisively
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Lee Iacocca ????
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Types of Leadership Style

• Democratic ???
• Encourages decision making from different
  perspectives leadership may be emphasised
  throughout the organisation ?????????
• Consultative process of consultation before
  decisions are taken ??,??
• Persuasive Leader takes decision and seeks to
  persuade others that the decision is correct ??

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Types of Leadership Style

• Democratic
• May help motivation and involvement
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• Workers feel ownership of the firm and its ideas
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• Improves the sharing of ideas and experiences
  within the business
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• Can delay decision making ????

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Acer ?? ???
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Types of Leadership Style

• Laissez-Faire ???
• Let it be the leadership responsibilities are
  shared by all
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• Can be very useful in businesses where creative
  ideas are important
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• Can be highly motivational, as people have
  control over their working life
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Types of Leadership Style

• Laissez-Faire ???
• Can make coordination and decision making
  time-consuming and lacking in overall direction
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• Relies on good team work ????
• Relies on good interpersonal relations
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Types of Leadership Style

• Paternalistic ???
• Leader acts as a father figure ????
• Paternalistic leader makes decision but may
  consult ????????
• Believes in the need to support staff
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Change Leadership????
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Change Leadership

• The most challenging aspect of business is
  leading and managing change
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• The business environment is subject to fast-paced
  economic and social change
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• Modern business must adapt and be flexible to
  survive ??????????
• Problems in leading change stem mainly from human
  resource management ??????

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Change Leadership

• Leaders need to be aware of how change impacts on
  workers
• ?????????????????
• Series of self-esteem states identified by Adams
  et al and cited by Garrett ?????
• Adams, J. Hayes, J. and Hopson, B.(eds) (1976)
  Transition understanding and managing change
  personal change London, Martin Robertson
• Garrett, V. (1997) Managing Change in School
  leadership for the 21st century Brett Davies and
  Linda Ellison, London, Routledge

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Change Leadership
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Self-esteem
1. Immobilisation as rumours of the
change circulate, the individual feels some sense
of shock and possible disbelief so much so that
they deem it worthy of doing nothing.
2. Minimisation As the change becomes clearer,
people try to fit in the change with their own
personal position and may try to believe that it
will not affect them.
3. Depression as reality begins to dawn staff
may feel alienated and angry, feelings of a lack
of control of events overtake people and they
feel depressed as they try to reconcile what is
happening with their own personal situation.
4. Acceptance/letting go The lowest point in
self-esteem finally sees people starting to
accept the inevitable. Fear of the future is a
feature of this stage.
5. Testing out Individuals begin to interact
with the change, they start to ask questions to
see how they might work with the change.
6. Search for meaning Individuals begin to work
with the change and see how they might be able to
make the change work for them self esteem
begins to rise.
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7. Internalisation the change is understood and
adopted within the individuals own understanding
they now know how to work with it and feel a
renewed sense of confidence and self esteem.
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Time
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Theories of Leadership????
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Theories of Leadership

• Trait theories ????
• Personality? ????
• Dominance and personal presence?
• ??, ??,???????
• Charisma? ???
• Self confidence? ??
• Achievement? ??
• Ability to formulate a clear vision?
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Theories of Leadership

• Trait theories
• Are such characteristics inherently gender
  biased? ??????????
• Do such characteristics produce good leaders?
  ???????????
• Is leadership more than just bringing about
  change? ?????????????
• Does this imply that leaders are born not bred?
  ???????? ??????

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Theories of Leadership

• Behavioural ????
• Imply that leaders can be trained focus on the
  way of doing things
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• Structure based behavioural theories focus on
  the leader instituting structures task
  orientated
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Theories of Leadership

• Behavioural ????
• Relationship based behavioural theories focus
  on the development and maintenance of
  relationships process orientated
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Theories of Leadership

• Contingency Theories ????
• Leadership as being more flexible different
  leadership styles used at different times
  depending on the circumstance
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• Suggests leadership is not a fixed series of
  characteristics that can be transposed into
  different contexts ?????????

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Theories of Leadership

• May depend on
• Type of staff ?????
• History of the business ?????
• Culture of the business ?????
• Quality of the relationships ?????
• Nature of the changes needed ?????
• Accepted norms within the institution
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Theories of Leadership

• Transformational ??????
• Widespread changes to a business or organisation
  ?????
• Long term strategic planning ??????
• Clear objectives ?????
• Clear vision ?????

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Theories of Leadership

• Transformational ??????
• Leading by example walk the walk
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• Efficiency of systems and processes
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Theories of Leadership

• Invitational Leadership ??????
• Improving the atmosphere and message sent out by
  the organisation
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• Focus on reducing negative messages sent out
  through the everyday actions of the business both
  externally and, crucially, internally
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Theories of Leadership

• Invitational Leadership ??????
• Review internal processes to reduce these
• Build relationships and sense of belonging and
  identity with the organisation that gets
  communicated to customers, etc.?????

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Theories of Leadership

• Transactional Theories ????
• Focus on the management of the organisation ????
• Focus on procedures and efficiency
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• Focus on working to rules and contracts
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• Managing current issues and problems
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????? Kurt Hellstrom
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Factors Affecting Style
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Factors Affecting Style

• Leadership style may be dependent on various
  factors
• Risk - decision making and change initiatives
  based on degree of risk involved ??
• Type of business creative business or supply
  driven? ?????
• How important change is change for changes
  sake? ???????

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Factors Affecting Style

• Organisational culture may be long embedded and
  difficult to change
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• Nature of the task needing cooperation?
  Direction? Structure? ?????

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Ethics and Leadership???????

• What is Ethics? ???????
• What are some issues affecting ethical leadership
  today? ????
• What does it mean to be a moral person?
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• How does ethics impact decision making?
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What is Ethics?

• Ethics is the study of virtue
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• Ethics is the critical study of standards for
  judging the rightness or wrongness of conduct
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• Ethics is the name we give to our concern for
  good behavior
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What is Ethics?

• Good and evil ?????
• Right and wrong ???,???
• Duty and obligation in human conduct
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• How we reason and make choices about them
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History of Ethical Thinking

• What is the good life?
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• How can one have a relationship with god?
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• How should one treat his/her fellow man?
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History of Ethical Thinking

• Variety of Answers ??
• Good life success, life controlled by the mind
  living by good principles life of pleasure
  living in accordance with nature
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History of Ethical Thinking

• Variety of Answers ??
• Relationship with god, keeping mosaic law
  sacramental works of faith conversion and
  personal faith
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History of Ethical Thinking

• Variety of Answers
• The essence of morality is justice (respect of
  all persons) mercy (helping the weak) and
  virtue based on a written code of behavior
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Key Issues ??

• Can one have a non-religious morality apart from
  God?
• If so, why should they?
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• Can one live a good life without a belief in some
  ultimate source of goodness?
• God?
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Current issues affecting ethical
leadership?????????????

• Privatism????
• Popular Pluralism??????
• Tolerance????(?)
• Situationalism???
• Leagalism???
• Cultural Relativism?????

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Issue of Privatism

• Meaning and purpose are found in the private
  realm
• What I do in private is my business and has no
  impact on my public life
• The ultimate good is whatever makes me feel good
  in private
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Issue of Privatism

• Assumptions
• Public and private division is completely
  separate without any connection or relationship
• A completely private life is possible
• Possible?
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Issue of Popular Pluralism

• A union of plurals
• Everyones good is different
• Do whatever you think is good
• All we have in common is our diversity
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Issue of Popular Pluralism

• Plurality of opinions, values, preferences and
  behaviors, none of which are absolute, binding or
  differing in quality
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Issue of Tolerance

• The good lies in not judging another human being
• The supreme good lies in tolerance of all
  behavior, ideas, and values
• There is no right or wrong only differing
  behaviors to be accepted
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Issue of Situationalism

• Doing the most loving thing in any situation
• Love of neighbor is the supreme good
• Love as the supreme ethic among many ethical
  demands
• It has come to mean no absolutes at all, so
  everything is situational
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Issue of Situationalism

• Leadership is situational morals and ethics are
  not
• What is the most loving thing? Who gets to
  decide the meaning?
• If there is no ultimate standard, then there is
  no such thing as lying, cheating, adultery,
  murder or social justice
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Issue of legalism

• The good and right thing is defined by what is in
  accordance with law
• Reduces morality to mere law keeping, or worse
  doing the minimal requirement so as to not become
  guilty under the law
• Law and morality are the same?
• Equating duty with obedience to orders is a
  common but serious failing of the management
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Issue of legalism

• Does the law ever keep us from doing the right
  thing?
• Can some laws be immoral?
• If the law and morality is the same, then the law
  can never be immoral!
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Cultural relativism

• Sources of ethical standards
• Customs society disapproves
• Goals I dont want to go to jail
• Circumstances I can kill in combate
• Rules thou shalt not steal
• Are there any standards that transcend individual
  feeling and group norms?
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Cultural relativism

• From where do transcendent values come?
• If ethics is no more than custom then ethical
  behavior is doing no more than what is normally
  done in that culture
• There is no universal obligation
• What happens on the other side of the pond, stays
  on the other side of the pond
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Impact of Ethical Leaders

• When leaders ????
• Talk about the importance of ethics
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• Keep promises commitments????
• Model ethical behavior????
• Discipline employees who violate ethical
  standards????????????
• Consider ethics when making important decisions
  ????????????

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Impact of Ethical Leadership

• Ethical Leaders help employees connect
• Policies (organizational) ?????
• Law (societal) ?????
• Universal values (ethical) ???????
• Self (personal/moral/religious)
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Who is an Ethical Leader?

• Personal Traits
• Committed to set of principles
• Open communicator/listener
• Honest, sincere forthright
• Concerned for others
• Aware of opportunities for role modeling in
  smallest of ways
• Predictable trusted
• Focused on the greater good

• Professional Conduct
• Leads w/an ethics agenda
• Institutionalizes shared organizational values
• Persistently talks about ethics
• Communicates decision-making process impact on
  long-term
• Actively works to reward others or hold people
  accountable

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Ethical Misconduct Disaster

• an unexpected organizational crisis that can
  emerge from a range of misconduct including
  ?????????
• allegations of specific wrongdoing
• violations of policies procedures
• outright illegal activities
• lack of oversight leadership
• end result can be an ethical disaster
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Examples of Range of Misconduct

• Minor-
• Moderate-
• Major-

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Is there a little bit of Enron in all of us?
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Is leadership related to corporate reputation?
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