Sports Safety and Injuries

1
Sports Safety and Injuries
2
No Jewellery
3
No chewing gum

• Boy collapses with a heart attack after choking
  on chewing gum
• A talented young sportsman has been left in a
  coma after choking on a piece of chewing gum.
  Rhys Thomas, 15, had a heart attack and lost
  consciousness after the gum got stuck in his
  windpipe
• Daily Mail Oct 07

4
Safe Equipment
5
Rules
6
Common Injuries
DISLOCATION
FRACTURES
STRAINS
BRUISES
SPRAINS
LACERATIONS
7
FRACTURES
A CRACK OR BREAK IN A BONE TYPES
simple/closed open/compound SIGNS may hear
snap, deformity, swelling, discolouration,
bleeding (open), shock SYMPTOMS Pain, moving
makes it worse ACTION Immobilise, ice, hospital
8
Compound Fracture Plated and Stitched up
9
DISLOCATION
Separation of two bones that form a joint,
usually by violent twisting. Usually shoulder,
elbow, finger, thumb, and ankle joints.
Dislocation and fracture often go together. If in
doubt, treat as fracture. Signs severe pain,
deformity, loss of function, swelling
discolouration. Symptoms pain, lots
of. Treatment immobilise, ice, hospital. Do not
attempt to reattach the joint.
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
SPRAIN

• Tearing or stretching, of the ligaments and
  tissues around a joint. The joint has usually
  been forced past its usual range of movement. If
  in doubt, treat as a fracture.
• Signs swelling, bruising, restricted movement.
• Symptoms Pain
• Treatment RICE.
• You may need to have the injury x-rayed to rule
  out fracture.

13
Torn Knee Cartilage

• Your knee has special curved pads of cartilage.
  These may tear when the knee is twisted
  violently.
• Signs and symptoms
• Pain on one side of the knee
• Joint may lock out or not straighten fully
• It may swell that day, or next morning
• What to do
• RICE
• Get the athlete to a doctor

14
RICE

• REST Stop using the injured body part, You
  could cause permanent damage.
• ICE apply to the injured area, causes blood
  vessels and tissues to contract reducing blood
  flow which gives relief and reduces inflammation.
  Remove ice after 10 minutes, repeat every 3
  hours.
• COMPRESSION Wrap damaged area with a bandage,
  firmly, but not tightly. This will reduce
  swelling or bleeding. This can also provide
  support.
• ELEVATION Raise injured body part above level
  of the heart, gravity will help drain excess
  fluid from the damaged area, help stop bleeding
  and swelling.

15
MUSCLE INJURY
ACCOUNT FOR 10-30 OF ALL INJURIES IN
SPORT. Several Injuries can occur to muscle
Cramp Sudden Painful Contraction. Lasts seconds
or hours, occurs during or after intense
exercise. Causes lack of salt and minerals,
prolonged muscular contraction. Treatment
Massage and stretch.
16
MUSCLE INJURY
Pulled or Torn Muscle Cause Torn Muscle fibres
due to the inability to cope with the force
applied to them. Pain is very localised. Reasons
Poor Training, Bad technique, lack of warm up,
lack of flexibility. Treatment RICE first 48
hours Heat treatment ( increase Nutrients
and blood supply) Gentle stretching during
recovery.
17
MUSCLE INJURY
Bruised Muscles Causes Hard Impact (Contact
Sports) Muscle is squashed against the bone and
bleeding occurs. Symptoms Swelling,
Discolouration, Pain in Movement. Treatment
RICE Stitch Cramp of the Diaphragm, Pain in the
upper abdomen, Common in runners when there is a
lack of blood reaching the muscle due to pressure
from lungs and stomach. Treatment Avoid eating
before exercise, slow down and bend forward push
fist in to area of pain.
18
LACERATION
BROKEN SURFACE OF THE SKIN AND TISSUE
UNDERNEATH. SIGNS BLOOD, SHOCK, RAPID WEAK
PULSE TREATMENT- PRESSURE, ELEVATE WOUND
19
HARM

• INJURIES NEED TIME TO HEAL, THE WAY IN WHICH
  INJURIES ARE TREATED CAN REDUCE OUR RECOVERY
  PERIOD.
• H Heat increases internal bleeding.
• A Alcohol increases swelling.
• R running - weight and impact cause further
  injury.
• M - Massage avoid for first 48 hours it
  increases internal bleeding.
• 48 hours onwards Heat from baths and hot water
  bottles increase blood flow. Gentle movement,
  Light stretching, Active strengthening some
  strength will have been lost especially if the
  injury is muscular.

20
CONCUSSION

• USUALLY OCCURS DUE TO HEAD INJURY (BRAIN)
• SYMPTOMS Loss of Memory, Dizziness,
  Unconsciousness, Sickness, Headache.
• TREATMENT Seek Medical Assistance, Put in the
  Recovery Position, Ensure the Casualty has a
  clear and open airway, they are breathing and
  that they have a pulse.
• Many sports will not allow a player who has
  suffered a concussion to play again for a period
  of time to prevent further injury to the brain.
• Anyone who has been knocked unconscious even
  briefly should be kept under medical observation
  for 24 hours.

21
SHOCK

• Shock is where there is not enough blood
  circulating around your body, e.g. after severe
  burns, heavy sweating, vomiting
• Serious injuries can cause shock as well as heart
  attack.
• Symptoms rapid pulse, paleness, cold clammy
  skin, nausea, thirst. A person may become
  restless and aggressive.
• If not treated, casualty can become unconscious
  and die.
• What to do
• 999
• Stop any bleeding
• Recovery position
• Reassure. Shock is frightening

22
SHOCK

• Dont ever give a shock victim anything to eat or
  drink not even a sip of water
• Dont ever cover the victim in too many blankets
  so that they get too warm
• These actions will divert blood to the gut, or
  skin, away from vital organs

23
(No Transcript)
24
Ouch!