GIFTED EDUCATION AND THE GIFTED CHILD

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GIFTED EDUCATIONAND THE GIFTED CHILD

• Presented
• By
• Charles Hesbacker

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Gifted Education

• What is the
• Definition of Gifted Education
• And
• What are the characteristics of
• Gifted Children?

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What is Gifted Education?

• It is an education that requires changes in
  instructional delivery, curriculum enhancement,
  enrichment and expansion of educational program,
  and social and emotional support within the
  school setting
• The regular curriculum is adapted to the needs of
  the advanced student by eliminating or modifying
  work to a level that matches the students
  ability, eliminating busywork or repetition.
• The federal gov. defines it as the education of
  children who have been identified as gifted or
  talented.
• The base curriculum is more appropriate and
  advanced. It has challenging studies that does
  not create boredom. Peer relationships are also
  factored in as an element.

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Characteristics of a Gifted Child

• Gifted students may be so far ahead of their
  chronological age mates that they know more than
  half the curriculum before the school year
  begins! Their boredom can result in low
  achievement and grades.
• US Dept. of Education defines gifted as those
  identified by professional qualified persons who
  by virtue of outstanding abilities are capable of
  high performance
• They may equate achievement and grades with
  self-esteem and self-worth.
• They have strong verbal skills, creativity,
  leadership or unusual demonstration of potential
• Gifted children are problem solvers.
• Their IQ is 130 or above
• They possess strong intellectual processing
• Classroom evidence of superior work

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The History of Gifted Education
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History of Gifted Education
Binet-Simon ? The IQ Test

• In the early years, there was very little
  attention given to educating the gifted.
• The Compulsory Education Act started the ball
  rolling.
• Missouri began tracking in the 1870s.
• From 1905 to 1908 the French psychologists Alfred
  Binet and Theodore Simon devised the Binet-Simon
  test to identify dull children for the French
  government

Alfred Binet (1857-1911)
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History of Gifted Education Stanford Revision of
the Binet-Simon Scale

• In 1916, Stanford psychologist Lewis Terman
  released the "Stanford Revision of the
  Binet-Simon Scale" or the "Stanford-Binet"
• IQ Mental age divided by the chronological age
  intelligence quotient
• Lewis Termin used this scale to follow 1500
  gifted children
• The research lasted from the 1920s to the 1950s
• First Systematic Wide Sample of Gifted Children

• Lewis Madison Terman (1877-1956)

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History of Gifted Education3 Kinds of Giftedness

• Robert Sternberg
• 1985
• With the launching of the Sputnik in 1957, people
  concluded that the American Educational System
  had a massive failure.
• Gifted Education became popular again
• Ability grouping in Math, Physics, Biology became
  the norm.
• Robert Sternberg developed the triarchic theory
  of human development
• There are 3 kinds of giftedness analytic,
  creative, and practical
• Conventional test only measured analytic.

Robert Sternberg
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Sternbergs Triarchic Theory

• Around 1985
• Analytic
• Academically problem solving skills assessed by
  traditional intelligence tests
• Creative
• The ability to use previously learned skills to
  solve new problems. The ability to adapt.
• Practical
• The abilities to deal with everyday demands and
  management skills.

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History of Gifted EducationMultiple Intelligences

• The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Gardner
  proposed in 1983 in his book Frames of Mind
• Suggests intelligence may be broadly conceived as
  multiple independent intelligences.
• 8 Intelligences were identified linguistic,
  logical-mathematical, spatial, musical,
  bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal,
  and emotional intelligence.
• MI theory in practice Harvards Project Zero,
  Project Spectrum, and Indianapolis KEY School

Howard Gardner
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History of Gifted Education

• 8 kinds of intelligences

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History of Gifted Education Three-Ring
Conception of Giftedness

• Dr. Joseph S. Renzulli
• Director of the National Research Center on the
  Gifted and Talented
• Major Contributions - Three-ring model of
  giftedness promoted a broadened conception of
  giftedness. Schoolwide Enrichment Model has
  become one of the most popular programs for
  developing children's talents.
• The first purpose of gifted education is to
  provide young people with maximum opportunities
  for self-fulfillment
• The second purpose is to increase society's
  supply of persons who will help to solve the
  problems of contemporary civilization by becoming
  producers of knowledge.

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Renzulli's Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness

• Above Average Abilities - a difference between
  general abilities (like processing information,
  integrating experiences, and abstract thinking)
  and specific abilities (like the capacity to
  acquire knowledge, perform in an activity).
• Creativity - originality of thought, an openness
  to experience, sensitivity to stimulations, and a
  willingness to take risks.
• Task commitment - motivation turned into action
  (perseverance, endurance, hard work,
  self-confidence, perceptiveness, and fascination
  with a special subject.
• Only if characteristics from all three rings work
  together can high achievement or gifted
  behavior be witnessed.

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History of Gifted EducationNature versus Nurture

• Nature child inherits intellect
• Nurture childs intellect is influenced by
  environment
• Are children raised in a less nurturing
  environment?
• Poor gifted children are under identified and
  underserved

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How do we educateGifted Children?

• Self-contained classrooms classroom designed
  for the intellectually blessed
• Pullout classrooms students leave for
  specialized instruction
• Cross-grade grouping
• Special private schools psychologist feel
  interaction with other gifted children promotes
  further intellectual growth
• Resource room used for enrichment
• Home schooling
• Cyber School
• College criteria is stringent

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The Profoundly Gifted Institute(private
institute for the gifted)

• www.HighlyGifted.org
• Special needs for gifted children
• Must be 5 years ahead of age level
• breaking the cycle of education based on age
• students from all over the world

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• Definitions?
• History?
• Law

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Gifted Education Acts

• Gifted and Talented Childrens Education Act of
  1978
• Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students
  Education Act of 1988
• Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students
  Education Act of 1994
• Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students
  Education Act of 2001

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Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Educational
Program

• Purpose Research, projects, and training of
  schools to identify and meet needs of the gifted

Fiscal Year Appropriation
1989 7,904,000
1990 9,888,000
1991 9,732,000
1992 9,732,000
1993 9,607,000
1994 9,607,000
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Jacob Javits and the Javits Center
Jacob Javits 1904-1986

• US Senator 1957-1981
• Went to school with JFK and Nixon
• Graduate of NY School of Law
• The Javits Center in NY
• Built in recognition of Javits

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Jacob J. Javits Gifted and Talented Students
Education Program

• April 21, 2008
• Department of Education
• Purpose finances research, projects, and
  training to enhance nationwide effort to meet
  special education needs of gifted and talented
  students

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Jacob J. Javits Gifted and Talented Students
Education Program

• Pursuant to Elementary and Secondary Education
  Act of 1965
• Amended by No Child Left Behind
• For the purpose of fully developing the
  capabilities of gifted students
• Assist schools in identification and provision of
  services
• Includes economically disadvantaged, disabled,
  and limited English speaking children.

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Gifted Education and the Law

• Gifted students have limited protection under the
  law unlike the disabled
• Presently, one law gives protection The Jacob
  K. Javits Law
• In BOE v. Rowley 1982, the schools do not have to
  guarantee an education that achieves maximum
  potential.

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Leading Issues in Gifted Education

• Eligibility
• Under-representation
• FAPE
• a matter of state statutes, regulations, court
  decisions, and public hearings
• The main issue is FUNDING

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BOE of City School District v. Tom F. ex rel.
Gilbert F. 2007

• The Supreme Court ruled 4-4
• Father wanted reimbursement for sons education
• Son was offered admission to Lower Laboratory
  School for Gifted Ed but was placed in a small
  private school
• US Court of Appeals granted reimbursement
  originally
• If a parent refuses agency provided FAPE and
  enrolls the child in a private school, should the
  state be obligated to pay for the education?

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Case of Levi Clancy

• Born 1990 and began college at 7
• In 2000, he passed the California HS Proficiency
  Exam at age 9
• began premed at UCLA in January 2004
• single mother working in education
• compulsory attendance until 16 years of age
• Richard D. Ackerman states, "The one size fits
  all approach to education is failing thousands of
  children

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Case of Levi Clancy

• Filed complaint 2004 against CDE
• Clancy cant attend a normal school
• The schools are ill-equipped and would do more
  harm
• Is Clancy entitled to a university level
  education?
• The court agreed that it was ok to send Clancy to
  college but that the state was not obligated to
  pay the tuition.

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Gifted Education

• What is gifted education and who are gifted
  children
• Binet, Terman, Sternberg, Gardner, Renzulli
• Nature v. Nurture
• How do we educate the gifted
• The Profoundly Gifted Institute

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Gifted Education

• The Law
• The Gifted and Talented Education Acts and
  Programs
• Jacob Javits Gifted and Talented Students
  Education Act
• Gifted Education and the Law
• Funding is the Main Issue
• Board of Education v. Tom F.
• Case of Levi Clancy

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Final Word

• The purpose of GIFTED EDUCATION is to increase
  society's supply of persons who will help to
  solve the problems of contemporary civilization
  by becoming producers of knowledge. Dr. Joseph
  S. Renzulli