Additives for Food Grade Lubricants

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Ciba Specialty Chemicals
Additives for Food Grade Lubricants
Dr. Tassilo Habereder Eric Nehls
Pictures HygieniCon
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Content

• Food Grade Lubricants requirements
• Classification
• Critical Control Points
• Base fluids
• Additives with FDA-approval
• Applications and Formulation recommendations

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Food grade lubricants

• Lubricants, which are needed by food, beverage
  and pharmaceutical producers have to meet special
  requirements
• Technical requirements
• national und international norms
• Specification from the end-user
• OEM specifications
• Hygienic requirements
• lowest impact on living organisms
• no impact on taste or odor
• Legal requirements
• NSF positive list (former USDA)
• FDA approval (acc. to 21CFR 178.3570)
• ISO 21469 Lubes with incidental product
  contact

Picture www.kba-metronic.com
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Legal requirements

• NSF National Sanitation Foundation
• NSF started 1999 with the listing and
  registration for Nonfood Compounds.
• Providing a product approval process (Up-to-date,
  web-based listing)
• Classification for Lubricants and additives
• H1 Lubricants with incidental contact
• H2 Lubricants with no contact
• H3 Soluble oils
• HX-1 Additives for H1 lubricants
• HX-2 Additives for H2 lubricants
• HX-3 Additives for H3 lubricants

? Positive List for Food Grade additives
Link http//www.nsf.org/usda/psnclistings.asp
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Food grade lubricants
In the food producing industry generally 2 types
of lubricants are used (as classified by National
Sanitation Foundation (NSF)
H1 - lubricants Food grade lubricant, containing
only ingredients which are mentioned on an list
of allowed substances issued by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). The lubricant is suitable
for an incidental, technically unavoidable
contact with the food product. H2 -
lubricants Food grade lubricant, which does not
contain ingredients mentioned on a negative list
issued from the USDA. Suitable for use in food an
pharmaceutical industries provided that a contact
with the food product is absolutely impossible
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NSF Positive List for HX-1 Additives

• Suitable additives can be selected. New or
  modified formulations have to be registered
• Registration of lubricant is simplified when only
  using NSF-listed additives.
• The maximum treat rate is noted.
• The trade name of the additives are noted.
• No technical guidance is given.

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HACCP Hazard analysis of critical control points
1. Does the process step include a hazard?
No CCP
No
Yes
2. Does a control measurement exist?
No
Yes
Modification of the process or product required
Is a safety control necessary?
Yes
3. Is a control necessary to avoid any hazard
for the end user
No CCP
Yes
CCP
No
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HACCP Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points

• Typically the result of a HACCP is that a
  production site has critical control points and
  points where no further action would be required
• For critical processes, usage of H-1 lubricants
  is mandatory
• For non-critical processes, usage of H-2
  lubricants is possible
• It has to be ensured that for critical processes
  a mix-up of H1 and H2 fluids is impossible

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Base Fluids for food grade lubricants

• White oil
• Toxicity is still not fully evaluated
• Different crude oil qualities can cause a
  different additive response
• No multi grade performance
• Weak low temperature performance
• Only available in viscosity grades ISO VG 15 und
  ISO VG 68
• cheap
• Good additive solubility

• Polyalphaolefins
• Defined starting material (Decen)
• Well defined molecules
• Good performance
• High viscosity index
• Good low and high temperature Performance
• Available in different viscosity grades
• Expensive base fluid

An increasing number of Esters und Polyglycols
are FDA approved. It is expected to see a trend
towards these base fluids in future.
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Available FDA-approved additives
Examples for FDA-approved additives maximum allowed treat rate
Antioxidants
Liquid alkylated di-phenylamine (aminic antioxidant) 0.5
Various high molecular weight phenolic antioxidants 0.5 each
High mol. weight phenolic antioxidant with thioether group 0.5
Liquid di-alpha-tocopherol (Vitamine E) no limit (GRAS cleared)
Blends of phenolic and aminic antioxidants 0.5 0.7
Corrosion inhibitors/Metal Deactivators
Liquid Imidazoline Derivative 0.5
Liquid N-oleyl sarcosine 0.5
Di-Sodium Sebacate (for greases) 2.0
Liquid tolutriazole derivative 0.1
Extreme Pressure / Antiwear Additives
Liquid Amine phoshate 0.5
Various Triphenyl Phophorothionates 0.5 each
Liquid Di-N-Octyl Phophite 0.5
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Applications

• Depending on the application and the
  specifications different fluids and formulations
  are necessary
• Hydraulic oils
• Gear oils
• Chain oils
• Compressor oils
• Oils for vacuum pumps
• Heat transfer fluids
• Greases
• Further differentiation possible via
• Kosher-grade
• Halal-grade

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General formulation strategies

• Selection of a suitable base fluid
• Think about mixtures such as PAO and Esters in
  order to benefit from the various advantages
• PAO and white oils can have limited additive
  solubility
• Carefully check the additive solubility in the
  selected base fluid
• The maximum treat rate of an additive is limited
  by the FDA approval
• sometimes additives with a similar profiles have
  to be used to achieve the performance while
  staying within the allowed limits
• Additives can have synergistic and antagonistic
  effects.
• Typically corrosion inhibitors and anti-wear
  additives have to be balanced.
• The formulation has to be checked carefully
• The final formulation has to be tested (lab scale
  and ideally in the field).

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Starting formulation for greases
Additive type treat rate treat rate
Alkylated DPA AO 0.50 0.50
Phenolic AO with Thioether AO 0.40 0.20
Phenolic AO AO 0.40 0.20
Tolutriazole derivative MD 0.10 0.10
Amine Phosphate AW 0.20 0.20
Liquid TPPT AW   0.50
Solid TPPT AW 0.50
N-Oleyl Sarcosine CI 0.50 0.20
Imidazoline Derivative CI 0.50 0.20
Thickener System Thickener 2-20 2-20
Ester base fluid balance  
PAO or white oil base fluid   balance

• Note Amine Phosphates can react with soap
  thickener influencing the rheology. This has to
  be carefully checked.

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Starting formulation for low temp. applications
Additive type treat rate
Blend of ADPA and phenolic AOs AO 0.3-0.5
Tolutriazole Derivative MD 0.050
Amine Phosphate AW 0.100
N-Oleyl Sarcosine CI 0.050
PAO or white oil base fluid balance

• Such a formulation would be suitable for
  circulating oils, providing a good metal
  protection and a good anti-wear performance
• The low treat rate of antioxidants and typically
  the use of a white oil as a base fluid would
  limit the use for high temperature applications

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Ciba Specialty Chemicals
Ciba s food approved additives take care about
your lubricant
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