Voice over IP Fundamentals

1
Voice over IP Fundamentals

• CHAPTER 35
• Basic Telephony Signaling
• PSTN Services

2

• Loop Start and Ground Start Signaling (Tip and
  Ring)
• Tip Ground side
• Ring Power side (-48V)

3

• Trunking the PSTN to CME
• Foreign Exchange Station (FXS) ports typically
  connect analog phones, fax machines, and modems
  to the CME router
• Foreign Exchange Office (FXO) ports normally
  connect the PSTN to the CME router, or PBX system
• Earth and Magneto (EM) or Ear and Mouth
  connects from the PSTN directly to a PBX system

4

• Digital Connections
• Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) uses robbed
  bits from the voice data flow for signaling and
  control functions. Does affect the voice quality
  slightly (in-band-signaling)
• Common Channel Signaling (CCS) uses a separate
  channel for all signaling and control functions
  (out-of-band signaling)

5

• ISDN Features
• ISDN Provides Circuit-based communications
• New services extended to users
• ISDN has two types, Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
  and Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
• ISDN includes Direct-Inward-Dial (DID) and
  Direct-Outward-Dial (DOD)
• ISDN can add additional channels
• ISDN can transmit voice or data
• ISDN uses a separate signaling channel
• ISDN is compatible with SS7
• ISDN enables the creation of VPNs

6

• ISDN Interfaces
• B Channel
• 64 kbps
• No signaling information
• G.711 CODEC
• D Channel
• All signaling information
• 9.6 kbps (64 kbps line)

7
ISDN Interfaces 1
8
ISDN Interfaces 2
9

• ISDN Protocols
• Q.921
• Layer 2
• Error-free and Secure Communications
• Link Access Procedures on D-Channel (LAPD)
• Q.931
• Layer 3
• Call establishment
• Call Control Messages

10

• PSTN Features
• Features
• Customer-originated trace
• Automatic callback
• Automatic recall
• Display features
• Calling number blocking
• Call screening
• Voice messaging
• Fax messaging
• Virtual Private Voice Networks
• Centrex services
• Call center services

11
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express
Platform Limitations
12

• Cisco Unified CME Features
• System
• Account codes and Call Detail Record (CDR) field
  entry
• Callback busy subscriber and camp-on
• Per-phone call coverage rules
• Call hold and retrieve
• Call park personal and directed
• Call transfer and park recall
• Call park assign to extension
• Call pickup directed
• Call pickup local group
• Call pickup explicit group
• Call transfer consultative and blind
• Call waiting
• Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) with
  Microsoft CRM and Outlook using Cisco IOS
  Software Telephony Services Provider (TSP)
• E911 with two emergency location numbers per
  zone, unlimited zones per site

13

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• System
• Eight party impromptu conferencing
• Directory services using XML
• Hunt-group dynamic login and logout
• Hunt-groups statistics daily and hourly
• Intercom
• Meet-me conferencing (32 party)
• Music on Hold (MoH) internal or external source
• Night service bell or call forwarding
• Overlay extensions for enhanced call coverage
• Called-name display for overlay extensions
• Paging internal through IP phones or to
  external system
• Per-call caller ID blocking
• Secondary dial tone
• Standards-based network call transfer and call
  forwarding using H.450
• Additional system speed-dial option through XML
  service

14

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• System
• Time-of-day and day-of-week call blocking
• Customizable called-name display
• Support of SRST fallback service phone
  auto-registration
• Basic automatic call distribution (B-ACD) (three
  queues) with auto-attendant and call statistics
• Display of number of calls in queue on IP Phone
• Agent login and logout of B-ACD hunt group
• Integration with Cisco Unified Contact Center
  Express 5.0 for advanced call center features
  with support for up to 50 agents, agent
  supervisors, call recording, silent monitoring,
  and reporting features.
• Secure Real-Time Protocol (SRTP), providing
  media encryption for calls on the IP network
• Secure Voice IP Phone certificate authentication
  and provisioning plus secure device signaling
  using Transport layer Security (TLS)

15

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• Phone Features
• Maximum 250 phones per system
• Up to 34 line appearances per phone
• Attendant console functions using Cisco Unified
  IP Phone Expansion Module 7914
• Fast transfer blind or consult
• Busy lamp
• Silent ringing options
• Automatic line selection for outbound calls
• Call forward on busy, no answer, and all
  (internal or external
• Call-forward-all restriction control
• Do not disturb (DND)
• Feature ring with DND set
• IP Phone display of DND state
• Dial-plan pattern load on SIP phones
• Diversion of calls directly to voice mail

16

• Cisco Unified CME Features
• Phone Features
• Customization of softkeys
• Enable and disable call-waiting notification per
  line
• Call waiting with overlay directory number
• Call-waiting ring
• Dual or 8 call line appearances per button
• After-hours toll-bar override
• Auto-answer with headset
• European date formats
• Hook flash pass-through across analog PSTN
  trunks
• Idle URL periodically push messages or graphics
  on IP Phones
• Last-number redial
• Live record to Cisco Unity Express mailbox
• Local name directory lookup
• On-hook dialing
• Station speed dial with configuration changes
  from IP Phone

17

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• Phone Features
• System speed dial for 10,000 numbers
• Silent and feature ring options
• SIP-based line-side subscribe, providing basic
  presence of phone status
• Transfer to voice mail softkey
• Call barge with privacy on shared lines
• Access features using softkeys or feature access
  codes
• Remote teleworker IP phone support
• Dynamic hunt-group join or leave
• Support for analog phones using Cisco ATA 186
  Analog Telephone Adapter or Cisco VG224 Analog
  Phone Gateway in SCCP mode
• Support for fax machines on Foreign Exchange
  Station (FXS) ports or ATA using H.323, SCCP, or
  SIP
• XML application services on Cisco Unified IP
  display phones

18

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• Phone Features
• Station-to-station video with voice using Cisco
  Unified Video Advantage or Cisco Unified IP Phone
  7985G endpoints
• Extension mobility within the single site
• Wideband audio (G.722) and iLBC codec

19

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• Trunk Features
• Analog Foreign Exchange Office (FXO) loop and
  ground start
• Ear and Mouth (EM)
• Basic Rate Interface (BRI) and Primary Rate
  Interface (PRI) support (NI2, 4ESS, 5ESS,
  EuroISDN, DMS100, and DMS250) and several other
  switch types currently supported in Cisco IOS
  software
• Called ID name and number
• Automatic number identification (ANI)
• Digital trunk support
• Direct Inward Dialing (DID)
• Direct outward dialing
• E1 R2 support
• Dedicated trunk mapping to phone button
• H.323 trunks with H.450 support
• H450.12 automatic detection of H.450 support for
  remote H.323 endpoints

20

• Virtual Trunking Protocol
• Switches exchange VLAN information automatically
• VTP Domain Names and Passwords are case
  sensitive
• VTP Modes are server, client or transparent
• VTP Server allows the creation or deletion of
  VLANs throughout system. VLAN information is
  saved in switch memory
• VTP Client allows only the acceptance of VLANs
  from the server. Information is not stored in
  memory.
• VTP Transparent mode allows the creation or
  deletion of VLANs of local significance only.
  VLAN information is stored in switch memory. Will
  pass VTP information to other switches within the
  same domain.

21

• Virtual Trunking Protocol continued
• Each VTP change increased VTP revision number.
  Highest revision number is distributed through
  out system
• Configuration
• Switch(config)vtp mode server
• Switch(config)vtp domain PHONE_NETWORK
• Switch(config)vtp password VOICEPA55
• Switch(config)end
• Switch

22

• Virtual Trunking Protocol continued
• Interface trunking modes
• Dynamic desirable Cisco default. Will become
  trunk depending on mode and device attached.
• Dynamic auto Will become a trunk depending on
  mode and device attached but will not actively
  try to negotiate a trunk link.
• Trunk Will be in trunk mode but will negotiate
  with either dynamic auto, dynamic desirable using
  Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP).
• Access Not in a trunk mode. Gives access to one
  Data VLAN and one Voice VLAN only.
• Nonegotiate Disables DTP messages on interface

23

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• Trunk Features
• H.323-to-H.323 hairpin call routing for
  non-H.450-compliant H.323 endpoints
• SIP trunks and RFC 2833 support
• Transcoding with G.711, G.729a, and iLBC
• ISDN Q.SIG supplementary services of basic
  calls, including call forwarding busy, no answer,
  all calling name and line identification (CLIP
  and CNIP) connected line and name identification
  (COLP and CONP) message waiting indicator (MWI)
  and message center support MWI passthrough
  QSIG-to-TDM voice mail

24

• Cisco Unified CME Features continued
• Voice Mail Features
• Integrated voice mail and auto-attendant
  solution with Cisco Unity Express
• Integration with Cisco Unity Voice Mail and
  Cisco Unity Unified Messaging, or third-party
  voice mail integration (H.323, SIP or dual-tone
  multifrequency DTMF)

25
CME Integration
26

• Cisco Licensing for Cisco Unified CME
• IOS license The CME router must be licensed to
  run a version of Cisco IOS that is capable of
  supporting the CME software
• Feature license The feature license grants the
  CME router the ability to support a specific
  number of IP Phones.
• Phone user licenses each phone must have a
  license

27

• Cisco Unified CME Models
• PBX Model

28

• Cisco Unified CME Models
• Keyswitch Model

29

• Cisco Unified CME Models
• Hybrid Model

30

• Installing Cisco Unified CME
• Router
• Router(config)copy tftp//172.16.2.5/c2800nm-adv
  enterprisek9_ivs-mz.124-24.T2.bin flash

31

• Installing Cisco Unified CME
• CME
• Basic files
• GUI files
• XML template files
• MOH files
• Script files
• Miscellaneous files

32

• Installing Cisco Unified CME
• CME Installation File

33

• Installing Cisco Unified CME
• Extract CME Installation File
• Routerarchive tar /xtract tftp//172.16.2.5/cme-
  full-7.1.0.1.tar flash
• Loading cme-full-7.1.0.1.tar from 172.16.2.5 (via
  fastEthernet0/0)!
• bacdprompts/ (directory) 0 (bytes)
• extracting bacdprompts/app-b-acd-2.1.2.2-ReadMe.tx
  t (18836 bytes) extracting bacdprompts/app-b-acd-2
  .1.2.2.tcl (24985 bytes)

34

• IP Phone Boot
• IP Phone connects to switchport
• Switchport senses and supplies PoE
• Via CDP phone receives voice VLAN information
• Phone sends DHCP request on voice VLAN and
  receives IP address, Mask and default-Gateway
• Once addressed the phone contacts TFTP server
  (Option 150) and downloads configuration files
• Phone contacts first call processing center (CME
  Router) and registers. If unable to contact will
  contact additional centers as listed in
  configuration

35

• Installing Cisco Unified CME
• Verify download
• CME_Voicedir flash
• CME_Voicedir flash/phone
• CME_Voicedir flash/phone/7940-7960

CME_Voicedir flash/phone/7940-7960 Directory of
flash/phone/7940-7960/ 99 -rw- 129824
Nov 17 2009 211818 -0400 P00308000500.bin
100 -rw- 458 Nov 17 2009 211818
-0400 P00308000500.loads 101 -rw-
705536 Nov 17 2009 211822 -0400
P00308000500.sb2 102 -rw- 130228 Nov 17
2009 211824 -0400 P00308000500.sbn 256491520
bytes total (92770304 bytes free) CME_Voice
36

• Create e-phone
• Maximum Phones and Numbers
• CME_Voice(config)telephony-service
• CME_Voice(config-telephony)max-ephones 24
• CME_Voice(config-telephony)max-dn 48
• CME_Voice(config-telephony)exit

37

• Create e-phone
• TFTP services for Firmware loads
• CME_Voice(config)tftp-server
  flash/phone/7940-7960/ P00308000500.sbn alias
  P00308000500.sbn
• CME_Voice(config)telephony-service
• CME_Voice(config-telephony)load 7960-7940
  P00308000500.loads

38

• Create e-phone
• Source address
• CME_Voice(config)interface lo0
• CME_Voice(config-if)ip address 1.0.0.1
  255.255.255.255
• CME_Voice(config)telephony-service
• CME_Voice(config-telephony)ip source-address
  1.0.0.1

39

• Create e-phone
• Create CNF files
• CME_Voice(config)telephony-service
• CME_Voice(config-telephony)create cnf-files

40

• Create e-phone
• Verify CNF files
• CME_Voiceshow telephony-service tftp-bindings

CME_Voicesh telephony-service tftp-bindings tftp-
server system/its/united_states/7960-tones.xml
alias United_States/7960-ton es.xml tftp-server
system/its/united_states/7960-font.xml alias
English_United_States/7 960-font.xml tftp-server
system/its/vrf1/XMLDefault7940.cnf.xml alias
SEP000F24A97457.cnf.xml tftp-server
system/its/vrf1/XMLDefault7940.cnf.xml alias
SEP0012435D4217.cnf.xml tftp-server
system/its/vrf1/XMLDefault7940.cnf.xml alias
SEP000AB776A988.cnf.xml
41

• Create e-phone
• Inspect Generic Configuration file
• CME_Voicemore system/its/vrf1/XMLDefault7940.cn
  f.xml

CME_Voicemore system/its/vrf1/XMLDefault7940.cnf
.xml ltdevicegt ltversionStampgt7940 Feb 16 2010
142320lt/versionStampgt ltdevicePoolgt ltcallManager
Groupgt ltmembersgt ltmember priority"0"gt ltcallManag
ergt ltportsgt ltethernetPhonePortgt2000lt/ethernetPhone
Portgt lt/portsgt ltprocessNodeNamegt10.15.0.1lt/process
NodeNamegt
42

• Create e-phone
• Phone has Registered

43
End of Chapter 3 5