Brain-Computer Interface - BrainGate Chip

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Brain-Computer Interface - BrainGate Chip

• Hillary Grimes III
• Homework 6
• COMP 4640

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Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

• BCI direct communication pathway between a
  brain or brain cell culture and a device
  (computer)
• One way BCIs
• information passes from brain to computer or
  computer to brain
• Two way BCIs
• information is exchanged between brain and
  computer

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Invasive BCI

• Invasive BCI the chip is implanted directly
  into the grey matter of the brain
• produces the highest quality signals but are
  prone to scar tissue buildup
• Scar tissue causes the signal to become weaker
  and even lost as the body reacts to a foreign
  object

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BrainGate Chip

• Chip implant system developed by Cyberkinetics in
  2003
• Designed to help those who have lost control of
  their limbs or other bodily functions

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BrainGate Chip

• Monitors brain activity in the patient and
  converts the intention of the user into computer
  commands
• This can be used to control a robot arm or a
  cursor on a screen

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BrainGate Chip

• 100 hair thin electrodes to sense the
  electro-magnetic signature of neurons firing in
  specific areas of the brain

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BrainGate Chip

• Chip is implanted on the surface of the brain in
  the motor cortex area, the area that controls
  movement

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BrainGate Chip

• Monitored signature is translated into
  electrically charged signals
• Signals are then sent and decoded using a program
  to move cursor, robot arm, etc.

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BrainGate Chip

• Only a few people have been implanted so far
  during clinical trials
• One is Matthew Nagle, a quadriplegic paralyzed
  from the neck down
• The device was implanted in 2004 over the portion
  of the motor cortex that controled his left hand
  and arm

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Matthew Nagle

• Using the BrainGate system, Matt could control a
  cursor on a computer screen
• Control TV
• Check e-mail
• Draw on screen
• He could also send commands to an external
  prosthetic hand
• Open
• Close

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BrainGate Chip

• I can't put it into words. It's justI use my
  brain. I just thought it. I said, "Cursor go up
  to the top right." And it did, and now I can
  control it all over the screen. It will give me a
  sense of independence.
• Matt Nagle

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BrainGate Chip

• In the next two years, Cyberkinetics hopes to
  refine the chip to develop a wireless version
• No need for a plug
• Safer
• Less visible

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNIG47YgndP8