Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Malaysian Medicinal Plants

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Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some
Malaysian Medicinal Plants

• Muhammad Taher

Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic
University Malaysia
19th CPA-MPS 2007, KUALA LUMPUR
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Presentation layout

• Introduction
• Objective
• Methodology
• Results and discussion
• Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION
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Antioxidant

• Any substance, when present at low
  concentrations compared with those of an
  oxidizable substrate, significantly delays or
  prevents oxidation of that substrate

Free Radicals in Biological Medicine, 3rd ed. 1999
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Antioxidant action

• The antioxidant can act by the following
  mechanisms reducing activity, free
  radical-scavenging, potential complexing of
  pro-oxidant metals and quenching of singlet
  oxygen.

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Effect of free radical

• Tissue damage resulting from free radical may
  cause a variety of disorders, including
  degenerative disorders of the CNS, such as
  Alzheimers disease, cancer, atherosclerosis,
  diabetes mellitus, hypertension, AIDS and aging

• (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1998 and Mantle et
  al., 2000).

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Plant materials

1. Andrographis paniculata (leaves),
2. Averrhoa belimbi (fruits),
3. Eurycoma longifolia (roots),
4. Dipteris lobbiana (leaves),
5. Ficus deltoidea (leaves),
6. Fagrea obovata (roots),
7. Momordica subanguenta (fruits),
8. Morinda citrifolia (fruits),
9. Orthosiphon stamineus (leaves),
10. Smilax myosotiflora (rhizome)

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Traditional Uses

• Aphrodisiac and energy enhancer
• Eurycoma longifolia, Smilax myosotiflora,
  Dipteris lobbiana, Ficus deltoidea and Fagrea
  obovata
• Antidiabetes mellitus
• Momordica subanguenta, Orthosiphon stamineus,
  Andrographis paniculata, Averrhoa belimbi and
  Morinda citrifolia

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Eurycoma longifoliaTongkat Ali/Malaysian ginseng

• Traditional uses tonic, poultice for headaches,
  wounds ulcers, febrifuge, hepatitis, aphrodisiac

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Andrographis paniculataHempedu bumi (bile of
the earth), akarcerita

• Traditional uses Roots and leaves used against
  snake bites, decoction of leaves against
  stomach-ache, dysentery, typhus and bronchitis,
  as a poultice on swollen legs, vitiligo, piles
  and antidiabetes

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Orthosiphon aristatusMisai kucing, kumis kucing,
ruku hutan

• Traditional uses diabetes and kidney related
  diseases, diuretic, regulate blood pressure

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Morinda citrifolianoni, mengkudu

• Traditional Uses to treat diabetes, haemorrhages
  and coughs.

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Objective

• The research is aimed to study the relationship
  of traditional usage of medicinal plants and
  their free radical scavenging activity

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METHODOLOGY
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• 1. Extraction
• 50 g of powdered plants were extracted with
  EtOHWater (5050) (500 mL) and freeze dryed
• 2. Phenolic contents was determined by
  Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (McDonald et al., 2001)
• 3. Flavonoid contents was determined by aluminum
  chloride colorimetric method (Siddhuraju and
  Becker, 2003)

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4. Free radical scavenging activity was
determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
radical (DPPH ) scavenging
a. Spectrophotometric assay

• X Absorbance of sample at 517 nm
• Y Absorbance of control at 517 nm

b. Thin layer chromatography test (yellow
spots against purple background)
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Table 1. Percentage of soluble materials
extracted from the plants
Sample (Abbreviation) Local name Yield ( w/w)
Averrhoa belimbi (AB) Belimbing buloh 39.8
Fagrea obovata (FO) Tengkuk biawak 24.3
Dipteris lobbiana(DL) Janggut ali 17.9
Momordica subanguenta (MS) Peria katak 16.6
Andrographis paniculata (AP) Hempedu bumi 14.4
Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) Misai kucing 11.4
Ficus deltoidea(FD) Mas cotek 8.9
Smilax myosotiflora (SM) Ubi jaga 7.9
Morinda citrifolia (MC) Mengkudu 7.7
Eurycoma longifolia (EL) Tongkat ali 2.8
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Table 2. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents
of the samples
Sample Total phenolic (mg /g) Total flavonoid (mg/g) DPPH
Andrographis paniculata 43.58 2.47 19.0
Averrhoa belimbi 40.68 14.88 14.8
Eurycoma longifolia 53.75 3.37 24.0
Dipteris lobbiana 54.92 81.75 92.0
Ficus deltoidea 53.93 42.45 61.1
Fagrea obovata 54.58 74.13 91.6
Momordica subanguenta 48.30 0.15 22.9
Morinda citrifolia 53.75 11.80 46.1
Orthosiphon stamineus 54.54 56.75 87.5
Smilax myosotiflora 54.63 16.19 32.6
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Scavenging activity
ApAndrographis paniculata, AbAverrhoa belimbi,
ElEurycoma longifolia, DlDipteris lobbiana,
FdFicus deltoidea, FoFagrea obovata,
MoMomordica subanguenta, McMorinda citrifolia,
OsOrthosiphon stamineus and SmSmilax
myosotiflora
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Flavonoid contents and scavenging activity
ApAndrographis paniculata, AbAverrhoa belimbi,
ElEurycoma longifolia, DlDipteris lobbiana,
FdFicus deltoidea, FoFagrea obovata,
MoMomordica subanguenta, McMorinda citrifolia,
OsOrthosiphon stamineus and SmSmilax
myosotiflora, Que Quercetin
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TLC test
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Conclusion

1. There is correlation between flavonoid content
   and radical scavenging activity.
2. F.obovata, D.lobbiana and O.aristatus exhibited
   highest free radical scavenging activity.

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