Blue Water Flow

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Kepemimpinan Dalam Keperawatan Debie Dahlia,
SKp., MHSM., ETN
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Background

• Nursing, in any role, is a people business
• Nurses are becoming a part of a work group where
  members spend at least a third of their day
  interacting with each other
• Therefore, nurses must be prepared to use
  interpersonal, leadership, and management skills
  to be effective in their role as a provider of
  patient care

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Management versus Leadership

• What Is the Difference Between Management and
  Leadership?
• Although the terms management and leadership are
  frequently interchanged, they do not have the
  same meaning.
• A leader selects and assumes the role A manager
  is assigned or appointed to the role

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Management versus Leadership

• Managers have responsibility for organizational
  goals and the performance of organizational tasks
• Managers, as a providers of care, supervise a
  team of people who are working to help patients
  achieve their defined outcomes
• Leaders are effective at influencing others

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The Functions of Management

• Management is a problem-oriented process with
  similarities to the nursing process
• Management is needed whenever two or more
  individuals work together toward a common goal
• The manager coordinates the activities of the
  group to maintain balance and direction
• There are generally four functions the manager
  performs planning, organizing, directing and
  controlling

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What Is Meant by Management Style ?

• The management style in nursing practice vary
  from autocratic to laissez faire style
• The autocratic manager uses an authoritarian
  approach to direct the activities of others
• This individual makes most of the decisions alone
  without input from other staff members
• The emphasis on the tasks to be done, with less
  focus on the individual staff members who perform
  the tasks.

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• On the other end of the continuum is the
  laissez-faire manager, who maintains a permissive
  climate with little direction or control exerted
• This manager allows staff members to make and
  implement decisions independently and
  relinquishes most of his or her power and
  responsibility to them

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• In the middle of the continuum is the democratic
  manager
• This manager is people-oriented emphasizes
  effective group functioning
• The goals of the group are identified, manager
  is perceived as a group member who is also its
  organizer who keeps the group moving in the
  defined direction.

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• In choosing a management style, the manager must
  decide on levels of control and freedom and then
  determine which trade-offs are acceptable in each
  particular situation.
• Leadership, in contrast, is a way of behaving it
  is the ability to cause others to respond, not
  because they have to but they want to respond.
• Leadership is needed as much as management for
  effective group functioning but each role has its
  place.
• The leader focuses a groups efforts on
  indentifying goals and carrying out the
  activities needed to reach those goals.

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• According to Mannion (1998), the major
  differences between Manager
• Leader are
• Leaders focuses on effectiveness, and managers
  focus on efficiency
• Leader ask what and why, managers ask how
• Leaders deal with people and relationships, and
  Managers deal with systems, control, and policies
• Leaders initiate innovation, and Managers
  maintain the status quo
• Leaders look to the horizon, and Managers look to
  the bottom line

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Surviving And Thriving As A Leader

1. The leader must maintain balance
2. The leader must generate self-motivation
3. The leader must work to build self-confidence
4. The leader must listen to his/her constituent
5. The leader must have a positive attitude

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The Nurse as Leader

• Professional nurse assume leadership in
  relationship
• With clients
• With peers
• With other colleagues
• With political leaders
• With public at large

• To influence change and
• To enable client to make
• optimal choices for health

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The Nurse As Leader

• Leadership Within the Workplaces
• Staff Nurse as Leader
• Nurse Manager as Leader
• Nurse executive as Leader
• Nurse Student as Leader
• Leadership in the Community

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• Leadership is what gives nursing its vision and
  its abilities to transform clients health.
• This transformation occurs through the leaders
  translation of vision into reality with clients.
• In the transformational, the nurse leader is the
  coordinator of communication.

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Role of the Professional Nurse as Patient care
Managers/Leaders

• Nurse enters
• Relationship

Assessment
Nursing diagnoses
Planning
Evaluation
Implementing Intervention
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Peran dan Fungsi Kepemimpinan Dalam Manajemen
Keperawatan

1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Controlling

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Leadership Roles in Planning

1. Assesses the organization internal external
   environment
2. Demonstrates visionary, innovative, and creative
   thinking in organizational
3. Influences and inspires group members
4. Periodically completes value clarification to
   increase self-awareness

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1. Encourages subordinates toward value
   clarification by actively listening and providing
   feedback
2. Communicates and clarifies organizational goals
   and values to subordinates
3. Encourages subordinates to be involved in policy
   formation, policies, procedures, and rules

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Leadership Roles With Organizational Structure

1. Evaluates the organizational structure frequently
   to determine if management position can be
   eliminated to reduce the chain of command
2. Encourage employees to follow the chain of
   command
3. Supports personnel in advisory (staff) positions
4. Models responsibility and accountability for
   subordinates

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1. Assists nursing staff to see how their roles are
   congruent with and complement the common
   organizational task
2. Facilities informal group structure
3. Encourages upward communication
4. Counsels employees who do not follow chain of
   command
5. Uses committees to facilitate group goals, not
   delay decisions

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Leadership Roles in Organizing Patient Care

1. Periodically evaluates the effectiveness of the
   organizational structure for the delivery of
   patient care
2. Determines if adequate resources and support
   exist before making any change
3. Examines the human element in work redesign and
   supports personnel during adjustment to change
4. Inspires the work group toward a team effort

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1. Examines the unit philosophy to ensure it
   supports any changes in patient care delivery
   system
2. Uses scientific research to support changes in
   nursing care delivery model
3. Ensures that nursing care delivery model advances
   the professional nursing

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Staffing

1. Plans for future staffing needs proactively
2. Uses the interview process as a means to promote
   the organizations image
3. Periodically review induction and orientation
   programs to ascertain they are meeting until
   needs
4. Ensures that each new employee understands
   appropriate organizational policies

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1. Infuses a team spirit among employees
2. Serves as a role model to all employees and a
   mentor to select employees
3. Observes carefully for signs of knowledge or
   skill deficit in new employees and intervenes
   appropriately

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Directing

• Recognizes each worker as a unique individual
• Maintains a positive and enthusiastic image as a
  role model to subordinates
• Demonstrates through actions and words a belief
  in subordinates that they desire to meet
  organizational goals
• Understands and appropriately uses the informal
  communication network in the organization
• 5. Appropriately observes and interprets
• verbal and nonverbal communication of
  
• followers

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Controlling

1. Encourages followers to be actively involved in
   the quality control process
2. Uses control as a method of determining why goals
   were not met
3. Supports/actively participates in research
   efforts to identify and measure
   nursing-sensitive patient outcomes
4. Uses the appraisal process to motivate employees
   and promote growth

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1. Develops employee trust by being honest and fair
   when evaluating performance
2. Provides ongoing support to employee attempting
   to correct performance deficiencies

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Thank You

• Be A Good Leader
• and
• Manager