Ch. 10-3: Spanish Speaking South America

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Ch. 10-3 Spanish Speaking South America
Objective Identify key events in the
colonization of South America
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The Inca and Pizarro

• In 1500s, the Incan civilization was the major
  power in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and
  Chile.
• Francisco Pizarro and his Spanish soldiers led an
  invasion against the Inca and brought down the
  empire.

Francisco Pizarro
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Conquest and the End of Spanish Rule

• As a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas, control
  of South America was divided between Spain and
  Portugal.

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The Inca

• The Incan Empire extended 2,500 miles from
  Ecuador in the north to Argentina in the south.
• The Inca built an extensive system of roads that
  extended for over 20,000 miles through the
  mountains and deserts of the empire

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Spanish Conquest

• Pizarro and his soldiers were interested in
  finding gold and silver.
• They forced the natives to work in mines and on
  farms.
• The natives were horribly abused even though the
  Spanish government and the Church passed laws
  limiting the use of natives in hard labor.

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The Effect of Spanish Conquest

• The Inca were forced to move from their villages
  onto Spanish controlled plantations.
• This disrupted their family structures and made
  the area very difficult to manage.

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Cultural Effects of Spanish Conquest

• The Spanish language was imposed on the natives
  however, the Inca managed to retain their native
  language called Quechua.
• The Catholic religion was also imposed upon the
  natives and is still practiced by the Inca today.

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Independence Movements

• The American and French Revolutions inspired the
  revolutions that swept through South America.
• Simón Bolívar helped Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador
  and Venezuela gain their independence from Spain.
• José San Martin helped to free Argentina, Chile,
  and Peru from Spanish rule.

Simón Bolívar
José San Martin
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Legacy of Conquest

• While revolutions brought independence, the young
  countries began to fail as a result of geography.
• The mountains created a formidable obstacle
  making unification nearly impossible which led to
  political instability and underdevelopment.

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Economics

• South American economies are largely based on
  agriculture, mining and limited oil.
• Bolivia- tin, zinc, copper
• Peru- fishing
• Colombia and Venezuela- oil
• Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay -agricultural
  crops
• Ecuador-coffee

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Chile- Economic Success

• Chile is an economic success story because it has
  developed international trade relationships with
  the U.S. and Asia.
• Chile has been the leader in working for economic
  cooperation among South American nations where it
  is an associate member of Mercosur.

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Mercosur

• Mercosur is an economic free market that began
  cooperation in southern part of South America in
  1995. Goals
• Make member economies more stable
• Increase trade within the region and decrease
  dependency on unstable global markets
• Channel some of the profits of improving
  economies to those people and groups that most
  need help.

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Literacy and Education

• South American countries have a higher literacy
  rate than Mexico, Central America or Caribbean
  countries at about 90.
• Chiles literacy rate is 95
• Education is very important throughout South
  America but particularly in Chile.

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Ch. 10-4 Brazil

• Brazil was Portugals largest colony.
• The Portuguese were interested in finding gold
  and silver but did not find any.
• Sugar plantations took the place of gold mines
  and became the most important export from Brazil

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Settlement in Brazil

• Settlement along the eastern coast was easier
  than in the interior because of the rainforest.
• The Native populations died off as a result of
  European diseases and African were brought in to
  work in the sugar cane fields.

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Slavery In Brazil

• As a result of the introduction of Africans, the
  Brazilian population is a mix of European,
  African and native ancestry.

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Independence for Brazil

• Brazil remained a colony of Portugal until 1822.
  This revolution came about as thousands
  Brazilians signed petitions asking for
  independence.
• Dom Pedro, the Portuguese kings son, agreed to
  rule Brazil as an independent nation.

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National Culture of Brazil

• Brazil is an immigrant nation with large numbers
  of people from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
• Catholicism is practiced however, among some of
  African descent, it is combined with African
  religious rituals.

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Brazil- An Economic Giant

• Brazil is a growing economic power because of
  its natural resources, hydroelectric power
  generated by its many rivers, large oil reserves
  and natural gas.

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Carnival- Rio de Janeiro
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The Darker Side of City Life

• Drug abuse
• Poverty
• Crime
• Slums

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The End