Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

1
Social and Emotional Development in Early
Childhood

• Chapter 8

2
Erik Eriksons Stage-Initiative vs. Guilt

• Psychological conflict of Early Childhood
• Resolved positively through play experiences that
  foster healthy sense of initiative and
  development of conscience that is not overly
  strict
• Play is important to preschoolers

3
Phallic Stage-Freud

• Sexual impulses transfer to genital region of
  body
• Oedipus Conflict-boy desires to posses mother and
  hostile towards father
• Electra conflict-girl desires to posses father
  and feels hostile toward mother

4
Self Concept

• Sum of total attributes, abilities, attitudes and
  values that an individual believes to help define
  who he/she is
• Preschoolers-describe self using concrete terms
  (name, physical appearance, possession, and
  everyday behaviors)
• Can describe emotions, and beliefs and attitudes
  by 3 ½.
• Firmer sense of self allows for cooperation

5
Self-Esteem

• Preschoolers usually rate on abilities as
  extremely high and underestimate difficulty of
  task.
• Desire to master new skills
• Even a little criticism can undermine a
  preschoolers self-esteem and enthusiasm for
  learning

6
Emotional Development

• Rise in self-conscious emotions such as shame,
  embarrassment, guilt, envy and pride
• Preschoolers can interpret, predict, and change
  others feeling
• Fears are common
• Vivid imaginations

7
Empathy

• Begins to develop at this age
• Modeled after parents response to emotional event

8
Partens types of play

• Nonsocial activity- unoccupied, onlooker behavior
  and solitary play
• Parallel play-child plays near other children
  with similar materials but does not interact with
  them
• Associative play-children are engaged in separate
  activities but they interact by exchanging toys
  and commenting on one anothers behavior
• Cooperative play-occurs when childrens actions
  are directed toward a common goal

9
Sociodramatic play

• Role play and dramatic play
• Common during preschool years

10
First Friendships

• Important in these years to social emotional
  development
• Friendship-pleasurable play and sharing of
  toys-no long term enduring qualities at this time

11
Discipline

• Positive reinforcement-model appropriate
  behavior, consistency with rules, warm and
  responsive
• Punishment-can promote momentary compliance
• Harsh punishment-models aggression, avoidance of
  punishing adult, should be avoided

12
Alternatives to Punishment

• Time-out
• Withdrawal of privileges
• Positive discipline

13
Gender Typing

• Developing gender roles
• Age 2 children can label on gender and of other
  persons
• Family teachers and peers and television can
  influence gender typing with preschoolers

14
Parenting Styles

• Authoritative-rational, democratic approach
• Happy, self-confident, and self-control in child
• Authoritarian- demanding and low in responsive to
  childrens needs.
• anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy and hostile
• Permissive-undemanding
• immature, have difficulty controlling impulses,
  overly demanding and depended on adults