JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN

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JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN
JENIS KOLAGEN TEMPAT SEL-SEL YANG DIHASILKAN CIRI-CIRI
TIPE I ( 90) (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-a) Lapisan kulit, tendon Fibroblas Hidroksilisin rendah, karbohidrat rendah
TIPE I ( 90) (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-a) Tersebar (areolar), memadati jaringan penyambung, serat-serat kolagen Sel retikular dan otot halus
TIPE I ( 90) (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-a) Hampir kebanyakan tersebar di organ interna
TIPE I ( 90) (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-a) Tulang Osteoblas
TIPE I ( 90) (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-a) Dentin (Gigi) Odontoblas
TIPE II (tersusun hanya satu jenis rantai-a) Tulang rawan hialin dan elastin Lensa mata, jaringan invertebral Kondrosit Sel-sel retina Kondrosit Hidroksilisin tinggi, karbohidrat tinggi (Fibril lebih tipis dari tipe I)
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JENIS-JENIS SERAT KOLAGEN
JENIS KOLAGEN TEMPAT SEL-SEL YANG DIHASILKAN CIRI-CIRI
TIPE III (tersusun hanya atas satu jenis rantai-a) Menyebar di jaringan penyambung serabut retikuler, lapisan kulit papiler (pada fase perkembangan) Fibroblas dan sel-sel retikular Hidroksiprolin tinggi, hidroksilisin rendah, karbohidrat rendah
TIPE III (tersusun hanya atas satu jenis rantai-a) Pembuluh darah Sel otot halus, sel endotelial Hidroksiprolin tinggi, hidroksilisin rendah, karbohidrat rendah
TIPE IV (tersusun atas dua jenis rantai-a) Lamina basal Kapsul lensa mata Sel epitelial dan sel endotelial Epitel lensa Hidroksilisin sangat tinggi, karbohidrat tinggi, (menahan prokolagen menjadi peptida)
TIPE V Membran fetal (plasenta) Membran lapisan dasar Tulang Otot halus Fibroblas Sel-sel epitelial Osteoblas Sel-sel otot halus
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In addition, a number of other collagens have been recently identified in the following location In addition, a number of other collagens have been recently identified in the following location
TIPE VI Short triple helical segment about 100 nm long occur in small amounts in kidney, liver, and uterus, where type I and III collagens are found
TIPE VII Basal laminae of many ephitelia
TIPE VIII Secretory product of endothelial cells major component of Decemets membrane in the cornea
TIPE IX Mainly in cartilage found with type II collagen
TIPE X Confined to cartilage in matrix surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes
TIPE XI Associated with type OO collagen in cartilage function unknown
TIPE XII Tendon properties in common with type IX collagen
TIPE XIII Endothelium
TIPE XIV Fetal skin and tendon
Thus far, some 25 distinct collagen a-chains, each encoded by a separate gene, have been identified. Thus far, some 25 distinct collagen a-chains, each encoded by a separate gene, have been identified.
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PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
GAMBARAN KOLAGEN RETIKULER ELASTIS
Jaringan molekuler Triple-stranded helix Tiap helai 1000 AA Molekul panjang 300 nm, diameter 1,5 nm (glisin, hidroksiprolin, hidroksilisin) Kolagen tipe III Elastin 830 amino acid residues long contains desmocine, isodesmocine (dibentuk dari empat molekul lisin)
Jaringan Fibrilar Diameter fiber 2-10 µm (tidak bercabang) diameter fibril 50nm mikrofibril yang lebih kecil Diameter fiber 0,2-2 µm, fibril 25-45 nm Diameter fiber 1-4 µm cabang fiber Tidak ada fibril Diameter mikrofibril 12 nm
Axial periodicity Fibrils 670 A axial periodicity 670 A Tidak ada
Air mendidih Merubah kolagen menjadi gelatin Resisten
Asam dan basa lemah Membengkak Sama dengan kolagen Resisten terhadap asam dan basa lemah
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PERBANDINGAN CIRI-CIRI SERAT JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
GAMBARAN KOLAGEN RETIKULER ELASTIS
Asam dan basa kuat Larut
Pewarnaan Dengan pewarnaan asidofilik Silver (argirofilik) PAS Resorsin fuchsin, resorsin orsein
Efek enzim Larut dalam pepsin dan kolagenase Sensitif terhadap elastase
Sel penghasil serat Fibroblas Sel otot halus di pembuluh darah Osteoblas Kondroblas Odontoblas Kolagen tipe IV Diproduksi oleh sel epitel dan sel endotelial Sel retikuler Fibroblas Sel Schwan (untuk endoneurium) Fibroblas Sel otot halus di pembuluh darah
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JENIS SEL DI JARINGAN PENYAMBUNG
JENIS SEL FUNGSI UMUM
Fibroblas Menghasilkan serat-serat (kolagen, retikuler, elastin) dan selaput tak beraturan (glikosaminoglikans, proteglikans)
Makrofag Fagosit (mis bakteri) Pemaparan antigen
Perisit Membedakan antara fibroblas, sel retikuler, makrofag, otot halus dalam pembuluh darah, adiposit
Sel Mast Secrete heparin, histamine, slow-reacting substanse of anaphylaxis, eosinophilic chemotactic factor anaphylaxis
Foreign body giant cell Phagocytic (larger particulate material)
Sel retikuler Memproduksi serat retikuler (kolagen tipe ke-3) untuk pembuluh limf, limpa, sum-sum tulang, dll
Adiposit Penimbunan lemak, mobilitas
Kondroblas (kondrosit) Mengeluarkan kolagen atau serat elastis seperti halnya substansi intersel amorf (glikosaminoglikans, proteoglikans), dan protein lainnya
Osteoblas Mengeluarkan kolagen, susunan tulang (proteoglikans)
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FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Reseptor permukaan bagi Receptors that bind C3b component of complement Fc receptors, IgG IL-2, IL-1, IL-6 Tumor necrosis factor (TFN) (interferon) ATPase 5-Nucleotidase
Muatan Lisosom Hidrolase asam Lisozim Mieloperoksidase
Makrofag aktifator Lipopolisakarida Interferon-?
Efek Interleukin yang dihasilkan oleh makrofag Mengaktifkan B limfosit Faktor kemotaktis untuk neutrofil Meningkatkan sirkulasi neutrofil Bagian dari fibroblas
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FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Menghasilkan Fagosit Sel mati Seluler debris Bakteri
Pemaparan Antigen Present antigen with MHC II molecules to helper T lymphocytes (TH cells) IL-1 (a mitogenic protein for T lymohocytes) IL-6, Il-8 TNF- a Interferon- a, -ß involved in fighting virus Colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Erythropoietin Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
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FUNGSI MAKROFAG
Menghasilkan sekret khusus Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF- ß) Protease inhibitors Elastase, collagenase Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Neutral proteases Coagulation factors (II, VII, IX, X, XII) Thrombospondin Plasminogen activator Factor inducing monocytopoiesis Complement componenets Pyrogens (mediate fever) Proteoglycan-degrading enzymes Hydrogen peroxide Lipases Superoxide
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SISTEM MACROPHAGE
NAMA SEL FUNGSI TEMPAT
Macrophage Fagositosis, antigen presentation Loose (areolar) connective tissue
Peritoneal or pleural macrophages Fagositosis Serous cavities
Macrophage Blood cell destruction, antigen presentation Bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph node
Alveolar macrophage (or dust cell) Fagositosis Alveoli of lung
Sel Langerhans Antigen presentation Epidermis
Sel Kuppfer Fagositosis Liver (perinsinusoidal makrofag)
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SISTEM MACROPHAGE
NAMA SEL FUNGSI TEMPAT
Microglia Fagositosis, antigen presentation Sistem saraf pusat
Osteoklas (multinukleat) Penyerapan tulang Permukaan tulang (form from fusion of monocyte-derived macrophages)
Fibroblast derived macrophage Fagositosis Lamina propria usus halus Uterus-endometrium
Foreign body giant cell (multinucleate) Fagositosis Induced in areas of large particulate material (e.g., talc on mesentery) (fusion of monocytes, macrophages)
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SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST
Heparin (acidic GAG) Anticoagulant binds to fibronectin, growth factors, coagulation proteins, complement compounds has anticancer activity, causes tumor regression, inhibits tumor metastasis
Chondroitin sulfate Sometimes present in mast cell granules rather than heparin thus, different types of mast cells exist
Histamine Causes contraction of smooth muscle of bronchioles causes increased capillary permeability (leakiness)
Leukotrienes (slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) Causes contraction of smooth muscle (not stored in cell-synthesized from membrane phospholipids)
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SUBSTANSI YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH SEL MAST
Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphilaxis (ECF-A) Attracts eosinophils to regions of antigen-antibody interaction eosinophils phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes eosinophils produce histaminase, which depresses histamine effects, and aryl sulfatase, which counteracts leukotrienes
Lysosomal enzymes Including ß-glucuronidse, hexosaminidase, aryl sulfatase Functional role unclear may degrade GAGs in extracellular matrix
Neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) Chemoattractant for neutrophils
Other subtances include platelet-activating factor, prostoglandins (several), and neutral proteases (tryptase, chymase) (most of the IgE molecules in the body are fixed on the surface of mast cells rather than in the plasma) Other subtances include platelet-activating factor, prostoglandins (several), and neutral proteases (tryptase, chymase) (most of the IgE molecules in the body are fixed on the surface of mast cells rather than in the plasma)