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Launching a New Nation

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CONTROVERSY- That isn't in the constitution! ... What did they say? Compact theory. Nullification. The Federalists die out over time. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Launching a New Nation


1
Launching a New Nation
  • Chapter 6

2
Washington was elected President and began to
create a Government.
  • Judiciary Act of 1789
  • One of the first laws passed by the new Congress.
    Why?
  • Created the Supreme Court
  • 1 Chief Justice, 5 associates.
  • Created Lower courts too.

3
Washington Creates the Cabinet
  • Congress created 3 Departments
  • State
  • Treasury
  • War
  • The leaders of these departments are called the
    cabinet.

4
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
5
Hamiltons Economic plan
  • Gave The Report on Public Credit
  • Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume
    state debts from the war.
  • He wanted to create a National Bank and get
    wealthy investors. They would then want America
    to succeed.
  • CONTROVERSY- That isnt in the constitution!!!
  • Strict vs. Loose interpretation of the
    Constitution
  • The Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)

6
In the end
  • Hamilton wins the Argument
  • The bank is established.
  • But in return the Federalists agreed to move the
    capital to the South.
  • Washington D.C.

7
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
  • How did it end differently than Shays rebellion?
  • 2000 armed men rose up to protest the excise tax
    that was part of Hamiltons plan.
  • Washington and 13,000 troops responded.

8
Washingtons Farewell
  • I have already intimated to you the danger of
    parties in the State, with particular reference
    to the founding of them on geographical
    discriminations. Let me now take a more
    comprehensive view, and warn you in the most
    solemn manner against the baneful effects of the
    spirit of party generally.

9
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10
France
  • The U.S. had a treaty with France. (1778)
  • When the French revolution became radical, there
    was a debate over whether we should still support
    France.
  • Washington declared American Neutrality.

11
Proclamation of Neutrality
  • Whereas it appears that a state of war exists
    between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great
    Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one
    part, and France on the other and the duty and
    interest of the United States require, that they
    should with sincerity and good faith adopt and
    pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward
    the belligerant Powers
  • I have therefore thought fit by these presents to
    declare the disposition of the United States to
    observe the conduct aforesaid towards those
    Powers respectfully and to exhort and warn the
    citizens of the United States carefully to avoid
    all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in
    any manner tend to contravene such disposition.
  • And I do hereby also make known, that whatsoever
    of the citizens of the United States shall render
    himself liable to punishment or forfeiture under
    the law of nations, by committing, aiding, or
    abetting hostilities against any of the said
    Powers, or by carrying to any of them those
    articles which are deemed contraband by the
    modern usage of nations, will not receive the
    protection of the United States, against such
    punishment or forfeiture and further, that I
    have given instructions to those officers, to
    whom it belongs, to cause prosecutions to be
    instituted against all persons, who shall, within
    the cognizance of the courts of the United
    States, violate the law of nations, with respect
    to the Powers at war, or any of them.
  • In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of
    the United States of America to be affixed to
    these presents, and signed the same with my hand.
    Done at the city of Philadelphia, the
    twenty-second day of April, one thousand seven
    hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence
    of the United States of America the seventeenth.
  • GEORGE WASHINGTON April 22, 1793

12
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13
Securing Our Borders
  • The Jay Treaty
  • Settled claims with British in the west
  • Pinckney Treaty
  • Spain gave us
  • lands in Florida
  • free navigation of the Mississippi river.

France gets Mad!!!
14
France
  • Felt threatened by these negotiations
  • They begin to attack US. Ships.
  • U.S. an

15
President Adams
  • Sectionalism-
  • Adams tried to avoid war in France.
  • He sent delegates to Meet with a French official
    named Talleyrand.
  • Three French officials demanded a bribe of
    250,000 before they would talk.
  • Called the affair
  • As a result

XYZ
16
Millions for defense, but not one cent for
Tribute!
17
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18
Vice President John Adams by John Singleton
Copely
19
The Alien and Sedition Acts
  • What were they?
  • Who created them?
  • How were they used?

20
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21
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
  • Who wrote them?
  • What did they say?

Compact theory
Nullification
22
The Federalists die out over time.
  • The never appealed to the average American.

Here lie the FEDERALISTS
1787-1800ish (Later really)
They never learned to respect the peeps!!
23
Jefferson as President
  • Jefferson won the Election of 1800
  • Called the Revolution of 1800
  • The vice presidential candidate Aaron Burr got
    the same amount of votes and Congress was forced
    to decide the winner.
  • Despite this the transfer of power was peaceful.
  • This was impressive to the rest of the world.
  • Hamilton helped to get Jefferson elected.
  • This led to a duel between the two.

24
Hamilton was one of the Last effective leaders
of the Federalist Party.
It can be argued that Burr shot the Federalist
Party too.
25
Aaron Burr
ydktwtd
  • Plotted to have New England secede
  • Hamilton foiled this plot adding to Burrs hatred
  • Plotted to have the West secede.
  • Only avoided a treason conviction on a
    technicality.

26
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27
The 12th Amendment
  • The Electors shall meet in their respective
    states, and vote by ballot for President and
    Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not
    be an inhabitant of the same state with
    themselves they shall name in their ballots the
    person voted for as President and in distinct
    ballots the person voted for as Vice-President,
    and they shall make distinct lists of all persons
    voted for as President, and of all persons voted
    for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes
    for each, which lists they shall sign and
    certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the
    government of the United States, directed to the
    President of the Senate--

28
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29
  • The Democratic Republicans gained popular support
    in late 1790s and in 1800 won the Presidency and
    both houses of Congress.
  • The Federalists (Adams) tried to get control of
    the Judicial branch by expanding the courts and
    appointing (for life) Federalist judges.

MIdnight Judges
30
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31
Marbury v. Madison
  • John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the
    Supreme Court.
  • Result- It established the principal of Judicial
    Review.
  • Strengthened the Supreme Court.

32
Jeffersonian Democracy 1800-1809
  • Jefferson tried to simplify government.
  • Cut costs, reduced the size of the army and lower
    government expenses.
  • Tried to weaken Hamiltons economic plan.
  • The South begins to dominate American politics
    during this period.

33
Jefferson's Inaugural Address
  • We have called by different names brethren of
    the same principle. We are all Republicans. We
    are all Federalists.

34
The Louisiana Purchase
  • Napoleon decided to sell the Louisiana territory
    to the U.S.
  • Two American officials agreed to buy it for 15
    million. They agreed before asking Jefferson.
  • Jefferson considered asking for a Constitutional
    Amendment. But feared Napoleon would change his
    mind.
  • Jefferson was concerned that it was not
    constitutional, but he agreed to it, and sent it
    to the Senate for approval.

Why is this ironic?
35
15 million
10 Million
36
Leading to The War of 1812
  • France renewed their War on England.
  • They both began seizing American Ships.
  • impressment
  • The Embargo Act 1807-
  • Hurt America, NO
  • Madison became President 1809
  • Non Intercourse Act (France and England)
  • Macons Bill 2 (Whoever complies)
  • France Complies
  • War Hawks and War on Britain

Our Ships all in motion, Once whitend the
ocean, They saild and returnd with a cargo Now
doomd to decay They are fallen a prey To
Jefferson, worms and EMBARGO
37
The War of 1812
For freedom of the seas
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