Title: Launching a New Nation
1Launching a New Nation
2Washington was elected President and began to
create a Government.
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- One of the first laws passed by the new Congress.
Why? - Created the Supreme Court
- 1 Chief Justice, 5 associates.
- Created Lower courts too.
3Washington Creates the Cabinet
- Congress created 3 Departments
- State
- Treasury
- War
- The leaders of these departments are called the
cabinet.
4Hamilton vs. Jefferson
5Hamiltons Economic plan
- Gave The Report on Public Credit
- Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume
state debts from the war. - He wanted to create a National Bank and get
wealthy investors. They would then want America
to succeed. - CONTROVERSY- That isnt in the constitution!!!
- Strict vs. Loose interpretation of the
Constitution - The Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause)
6In the end
- Hamilton wins the Argument
- The bank is established.
- But in return the Federalists agreed to move the
capital to the South. - Washington D.C.
7Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
- How did it end differently than Shays rebellion?
- 2000 armed men rose up to protest the excise tax
that was part of Hamiltons plan. - Washington and 13,000 troops responded.
8Washingtons Farewell
- I have already intimated to you the danger of
parties in the State, with particular reference
to the founding of them on geographical
discriminations. Let me now take a more
comprehensive view, and warn you in the most
solemn manner against the baneful effects of the
spirit of party generally.
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10France
- The U.S. had a treaty with France. (1778)
- When the French revolution became radical, there
was a debate over whether we should still support
France. - Washington declared American Neutrality.
11Proclamation of Neutrality
- Whereas it appears that a state of war exists
between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great
Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one
part, and France on the other and the duty and
interest of the United States require, that they
should with sincerity and good faith adopt and
pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward
the belligerant Powers - I have therefore thought fit by these presents to
declare the disposition of the United States to
observe the conduct aforesaid towards those
Powers respectfully and to exhort and warn the
citizens of the United States carefully to avoid
all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in
any manner tend to contravene such disposition. - And I do hereby also make known, that whatsoever
of the citizens of the United States shall render
himself liable to punishment or forfeiture under
the law of nations, by committing, aiding, or
abetting hostilities against any of the said
Powers, or by carrying to any of them those
articles which are deemed contraband by the
modern usage of nations, will not receive the
protection of the United States, against such
punishment or forfeiture and further, that I
have given instructions to those officers, to
whom it belongs, to cause prosecutions to be
instituted against all persons, who shall, within
the cognizance of the courts of the United
States, violate the law of nations, with respect
to the Powers at war, or any of them. - In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of
the United States of America to be affixed to
these presents, and signed the same with my hand.
Done at the city of Philadelphia, the
twenty-second day of April, one thousand seven
hundred and ninety-three, and of the Independence
of the United States of America the seventeenth. - GEORGE WASHINGTON April 22, 1793
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13Securing Our Borders
- The Jay Treaty
- Settled claims with British in the west
- Pinckney Treaty
- Spain gave us
- lands in Florida
- free navigation of the Mississippi river.
France gets Mad!!!
14France
- Felt threatened by these negotiations
- They begin to attack US. Ships.
- U.S. an
15President Adams
- Sectionalism-
- Adams tried to avoid war in France.
- He sent delegates to Meet with a French official
named Talleyrand. - Three French officials demanded a bribe of
250,000 before they would talk. - Called the affair
- As a result
XYZ
16Millions for defense, but not one cent for
Tribute!
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18Vice President John Adams by John Singleton
Copely
19The Alien and Sedition Acts
- What were they?
- Who created them?
- How were they used?
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21The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
- Who wrote them?
- What did they say?
Compact theory
Nullification
22The Federalists die out over time.
- The never appealed to the average American.
Here lie the FEDERALISTS
1787-1800ish (Later really)
They never learned to respect the peeps!!
23Jefferson as President
- Jefferson won the Election of 1800
- Called the Revolution of 1800
- The vice presidential candidate Aaron Burr got
the same amount of votes and Congress was forced
to decide the winner. - Despite this the transfer of power was peaceful.
- This was impressive to the rest of the world.
- Hamilton helped to get Jefferson elected.
- This led to a duel between the two.
24Hamilton was one of the Last effective leaders
of the Federalist Party.
It can be argued that Burr shot the Federalist
Party too.
25Aaron Burr
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- Plotted to have New England secede
- Hamilton foiled this plot adding to Burrs hatred
- Plotted to have the West secede.
- Only avoided a treason conviction on a
technicality.
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27The 12th Amendment
- The Electors shall meet in their respective
states, and vote by ballot for President and
Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not
be an inhabitant of the same state with
themselves they shall name in their ballots the
person voted for as President and in distinct
ballots the person voted for as Vice-President,
and they shall make distinct lists of all persons
voted for as President, and of all persons voted
for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes
for each, which lists they shall sign and
certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the
government of the United States, directed to the
President of the Senate--
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29- The Democratic Republicans gained popular support
in late 1790s and in 1800 won the Presidency and
both houses of Congress. - The Federalists (Adams) tried to get control of
the Judicial branch by expanding the courts and
appointing (for life) Federalist judges.
MIdnight Judges
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31Marbury v. Madison
- John Marshall was the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court. - Result- It established the principal of Judicial
Review. - Strengthened the Supreme Court.
32Jeffersonian Democracy 1800-1809
- Jefferson tried to simplify government.
- Cut costs, reduced the size of the army and lower
government expenses. - Tried to weaken Hamiltons economic plan.
- The South begins to dominate American politics
during this period.
33Jefferson's Inaugural Address
- We have called by different names brethren of
the same principle. We are all Republicans. We
are all Federalists.
34The Louisiana Purchase
- Napoleon decided to sell the Louisiana territory
to the U.S. - Two American officials agreed to buy it for 15
million. They agreed before asking Jefferson. - Jefferson considered asking for a Constitutional
Amendment. But feared Napoleon would change his
mind. - Jefferson was concerned that it was not
constitutional, but he agreed to it, and sent it
to the Senate for approval.
Why is this ironic?
3515 million
10 Million
36Leading to The War of 1812
- France renewed their War on England.
- They both began seizing American Ships.
- impressment
- The Embargo Act 1807-
- Hurt America, NO
- Madison became President 1809
- Non Intercourse Act (France and England)
- Macons Bill 2 (Whoever complies)
- France Complies
- War Hawks and War on Britain
Our Ships all in motion, Once whitend the
ocean, They saild and returnd with a cargo Now
doomd to decay They are fallen a prey To
Jefferson, worms and EMBARGO
37The War of 1812
For freedom of the seas