National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in Developing Countries

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National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in
Developing Countries

• AGED 4713Fall 2001

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NARS definition

• The NARS in Developing countries include all the
  various national organizations which undertake
  agricultural research in their respective
  countries.

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Responsibility of NARS

• To conduct research to develop and adapt
  technology and to participate in the transfer of
  technology.

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Advantages of NARS

• Direct institutional /client linkages
• Close proximity to farmers problems
• Ability to collect field-level data relatively
  inexpensively
• On-site staff and facilities
• Effective conduit for communicating development
  strategy and policies to policy makers

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Types of NARS

• Publicly supported (centralized)
• Collaborative federal/state agricultural
  research systems (decentralized )
• Endowed research institutes
• Agricultural Universities
• Private sector research institutes
• Non-governmental Organizations
• Multinational, regional research institutes

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Publicly supported (centralized)

• Systems that are dependencies of , controlled
  by, and receive their financial support from the
  Ministry of Agriculture or other ministry in the
  federal government.
• Examples
• Brazil Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa
  Agropecuaria (Embrapa)
• Kenya Kenya Agricultural Research Institute
  (KARI)
• Pakistan Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
  (PARC)

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NARS in developing countries

• Embrapa's mission is to provide feasible
  solutions for the sustainable development of the
  Brazilian agribusiness by generating, adapting
  and transferring knowledge and technology that
  benefits the Brazilian Society.

http//www.embrapa.br/english/
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• Embrapa coordinates the National Agricultural
  Research System with cooperated institutions
  carrying out research in geographical areas or in
  defined fields of scientific knowledge.
• Networking through 37 research units.
• 2 045 researchers.
• 47 master's
• 49 Ph Ds

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Collaborative federal/state agricultural research
systems (decentralized )

• Systems that channel federal, state, private
  sector, and producers(commodity associations)
  funding to semi-autonomous state level research
  and extension programs.
• Programs are commodity linked with disciplinary,
  cross commodity programs
• Research/extension linkage close,
  assembling/adapting technology to producers
  needs.
• Example
• Mexico INIFAP

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Agricultural, Livestock and Rural Development,
Fishing and Food Secretariat
www.sagarpa.gob.mx
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Institutions funded by SAGARPA
www.sagarpa.gob.mx
Semi-autonomous
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Mexican NARS

• The National Institute of Forestry, Livestock
  and Agricultural Research
• It is a decentralized administrative entity of
  SAGARPA

http//www.inifap.conacyt.mx
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• Collaborative federal/state agricultural
  research systems (decentralized )
• Funded by
• Federal
• State
• Producers (Fundacion Produce)

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Objectives

• To develop and strengthen National Strategic
  Research
• To support research for sustainable natural
  resources management
• To promote applied research and technology
  transfer

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• 1246 researchers. 56 master's 16 Ph
  Ds
• 82 PhD students in European and U.S. Universities

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8 Regional Research Centers (CIR)81 Research
Stations 6 National Centers
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Research Programs

• 108 Crops
• Avocado
• Beans
• Barley
• Cacao
• Corn
• Citrus
• Chile
• Coffee
• Cotton
• Mango
• Rice
• Soybean
• Wheat

• Areas of specialization
• Biotechnology
• Entomology
• Integrated resources Management
• Plant genetics
• Irrigation systems
• Rain fed land management
• Mechanization
• Biofertilization
• Corn Protein gene(opaco)

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Research Programs

• Livestock
• Dairy Cattle
• Dual Purpose
• Sheep
• Goat
• Red deer
• Pig
• Poultry
• Honey Bee

• Areas of specialization
• Animal health
• Epidemiology
• Parasitology
• Microbiology
• Nutrition
• Reproduction
• Genetics

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Technology transfer programs
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Agricultural universities

• Institutions of higher learning that provide
  undergraduate and graduate education and grant
  related degrees, conduct research, and distribute
  information to agricultural sector clientele.

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Agricultural universities

• Autonomous, some semi-autonomous
• Structure Centralized
• Funding sources Public-federal and state
• Nature of programs education some research and
  extension
• Limited research
• Limited extension linkages
• Linkage with international/multinational
  programs

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Agricultural universities Mexico(SAGARPA
supported)
Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro,
Saltillo Coahuila
Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de
Mexico
Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agricolas
Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de Mexico
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM

• Decentralized
• Autonomous
• Funded by Federal Government
• Secretary of Education
• UNAM Foundation private support (10)
• Competitive funds for research CONACYT
• Mission
• Teaching, Research and Outreach

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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM

• 85 of research in Mexico
• Comprehensive University (4-5 years)
• 68 Colleges offer 130 careers (269 000
  Students)
• Faculty (College) of Veterinary Medicine and
  Zootechnics ( 2 campuses gt3500 students)
• Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (1000 students)

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Any Questions ?