Quantum Numbers

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Chapter 5

• Quantum Numbers
• Part 1

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Quantum Numbers

• There are four quantum numbers that describe the
  properties of an electron and the orbital that
  it occupies within an atom.

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The 4 Quantum Numbers describe

• 1. Energy Level or Shell
• 2. sublevel or subshell
• 3. atomic orbital
• 4. spin of the electron in an orbital

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Four Quantum Numbers alsoDescribe the
following

• distance from the nucleus
• shape of the orbital
• 3 dimensional positioning of the orbital
• direction of spin of the electron within the
  orbital

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Now lets put them together and see what we get

• 1. Energy Level or Shell distance from the
  nucleus
• 2. sublevel or subshell shape of the orbital
• 3. atomic orbital 3 dimensional positioning of
  the orbital
• 4. spin of the electron in an orbital direction
  of spin of the electron within the orbital

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What are orbitals?

• The main division of energy for an electron
  within an atom is called the energy level or
  shell.

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What are orbitals?

• The main division of energy for an electron
  within an atom is called the energy level or
  shell.
• The energy level (shell) is subdivided into
  distinct areas called sublevels (subshells).

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What are orbitals?

• The main division of energy for an electron
  within an atom is called the energy level or
  shell.
• The energy level (shell) is subdivided into
  distinct areas called sublevels (subshells).
• The sublevels are divided into orbitals. The
  orbitals are where the electrons are found. Each
  orbital can hold no more than a pair of electrons.

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The First Quantum Number The Principal Quantum
Number
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The First Quantum Number The Principal Quantum
Number

• Abbreviated as n

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The First Quantum Number The Principal Quantum
Number

• Abbreviated as n
• n 1,2,3...

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The First Quantum Number The Principal Quantum
Number

• Abbreviated as n
• n 1,2,3...
• Represents the distance of an electron from the
  nucleus the main energy level of the electron.

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What else does the Principal Quantum Number (n)
tell us?

• n number of sublevels in the energy level.

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What else does the Principal Quantum Number (n)
tell us?

• n2 number of orbitals in the energy level.

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What else does the Principal Quantum Number (n)
tell us?

• 2n2 maximum number of electrons possible in the
  energy level.

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The Second Quantum Number (Types of Sublevels)

• The second quantum number identifies the type of
  sublevel that the electron occupies.

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The Second Quantum Number (Types of Sublevels)

• The second quantum number identifies the type of
  sublevel that the electron occupies.
• There are four types of sublevels in atoms.

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The Second Quantum Number (Types of Sublevels)

• The second quantum number identifies the type of
  sublevel that the electron occupies.
• There are four types of sublevels in atoms.
• The sublevels are identified by the letters
  s, p, d, f.

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s sublevel and p sublevel
s orbitals have a spherical shape
p orbitals have a dumbbell shape
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Types of sublevels

• There are four types of sublevels in atoms.
• The sublevels are designated s, p, d, f.

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Which energy level is higher in energy?
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Which energy level is higher in energy? 4th
energy level (n 4)
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Would the 4s sublevel or the 3d sublevel be
filled with electrons first?
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Would the 4s sublevel or the 3d sublevel be
filled with electrons first? 4s