Dinosaurs

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Dinosaurs
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What is a dinosaur?

• Dinosaur means Terrible Reptile

Reptile
Dinosaur
Sprawling
Upright
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How did dinosaurs stand upright?

• Learning to stand up

Straight knee joint
Ball-and-socket hip joint
Upright
Walked on toes
B
A
Straight ankle joint close to shin bone
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How were dinosaurs found?

• Fossils are the remains of plants and animals

Dinosaur dies and sinks to bottom of lake or
river
Covered by mud or sand
Mud and sand turn into rock
Rock worn away by wind and rain.
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Where did Dinosaurs come from?

• Ruling Reptiles - Archosauria

Crurotarsi
Ornithodira
cc. Arthur Weasley
Pterosaurs (winged reptiles) and Dinosaurs
Crocodiles and their relatives
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The first dinosaurs

• Small Bipeds

Eoraptor
cc. Arthur Weasley
Herrerasaurus
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Dinosaur Eggs

• Dinosaurs laid eggs
• Maiasaura
• Good Mother Reptile
• Duck-billed dinosaur

Wyoming Dinosaur Centre
Maiasaura
cc. Arthur Weasley
cc. Ovulator
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What did dinosaurs eat?

• Meat or Plants ?

Camarasaurus
Tyrannosaurus rex
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Iguanodon hand
Allosaurus claw
Tyrannosaurus rex forelimb
cc. Tomomarusan
National Museum of Natural History, Washington
D.C.
Natural History Museum
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Where have we found dinosaurs?
Dinosaur fossils found around the world
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?
Questions

• How big were dinosaurs?

Why werent dinosaurs as big as a whale?
Whale
What would dinosaurs have needed to grow bigger?
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How BIG were dinosaurs?

• Largest and smallest dinosaurs

Smallest
Compsognathus
Largest
cc. Arthur Weasley
Supersaurus
Ultrasaurus
Brachiosaurus
Parasaurolophus
Stegosaurus
Tyrannosaurus rex
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How big can a dinosaur get?

• Solving the problem

Food
Temperature
Lots of space
Stronger Body
Whale
Leg size
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When did dinosaurs live?

• Time scale

Today
Cenozoic
Mass Extinction
65mya
Mesohippus
Mesonychia
Mesozoic
Younger
cc. Arthur Weasley
Mass Extinction
cc. Arthur Weasley
250mya
Paleozoic
Brachiopods
Eurypterid
Trilobite
Dunkleosteus
Hylonomus
545mya
Life exploded In oceans
Precambrian
Older
Warm seas
4.6bya
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History of the Earth

• In one 24 hour day

12
11
1
2
10
3
9
4
8
7
5
6
a.m.
p.m.
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Mesozoic Era

• The age of the Dinosaurs a different world

Pangaea
Supercontinent
cc. Gerhard Boeggemann
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Animals of the Mesozoic Era

• Land, Air and Sea

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Different kinds of Dinosaurs

• Two main groups of dinosaurs

Saurischia
Ornithischia
Bird-hipped
Reptile-hipped
Edmontosaurus
Tyrannosaurus
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Different kinds of Dinosaurs
Reptile Feet
Fringed Heads
Bird Feet
Marginocephalia
Sauropodomorpha
Beast Feet
Ornithopoda
Shield Bearers
Theropoda
Thyreophora

• Dinosauria

cc. Arthur Weasley
Silesaurus
Dinosaur Cladogram
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Theropods

• Two-legged meat-eaters
• Beast Feet

velociraptor

• King Tyrant Reptile

Allosaurus
cc. Matt Martyniuk
cc. Arthur Weasley

• Strong, long hind legs
• Large head
• Fast-moving

cc. Arthur Weasley
Tyrannosaurus rex foot
Carcharodontosaurus
Megalosaurus
Tyrannosaurus rex
Compsognathus
cc. Arthur Weasley
Field Museum of Natural History
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Sauropodomorphs
HUGE

• four-legged plant-eaters
• Reptile feet

Brachiosaurus

• Long necks and tails

Apatosaurus
Diplodocus
Plateosaurus
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Ornithopods

• Two- or four-legged plant-eaters
• Bird Feet

• Hadrosaurs
• Duckbills
• Crested or non-crested heads

Heterodontosaurus
cc. Arthur Weasley
Iguanodon
cc. Arthur Weasley
Nipponosaurus
Parasaurolophus
Hypsilophodon
cc. Arthur Weasley
Parasaurolophus
Lambeosaurus
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Thyreophora

• Four-legged plant-eaters
• Shield Bearers

• Ankylosaurs
• Armoured (pointy and knobbly bits)
• Tail clubs

• Stegosaurs
• Roofed Reptile
• Plated or spiny backs

Gastonia
Edmontonia
Hylaeosaurus
Stegosaurus
cc. Arthur Weasley
Ankylosaurus
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Marginocephalia

• Two or four-legged plant eaters
• Fringed Heads

• Pachycephalosauria
• Thick-headed skulls
• Two-legged

Stegoceras
Pachycephalosaurus
cc. Arthur Weasley
Dracorex
cc. Arthur Weasley
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Marginocephalia

• Two or four-legged plant-eaters
• Fringed Head

• Ceratopsians
• Horned faces
• Small beak-like bone at front of skull

Pentacerotops
Achelousaurus
Triceratops
Avacerotops
Anchiceratops
Styracosaurus
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Other Animals In the Air

• Pterosaurs
• Flying Reptiles

cc. Arthur Weasley
Pterodactylus
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Other Animals In the Sea

• Ichthyosaurs, Plesiosaurs, Mosasaurs, Pliosaurs
  and Turtles

Protostega
Plesiosaur
Mosasaur
cc. Arthur Weasley
Pliosaur
cc. Arthur Weasley
Ichthyosaur
Ichthyosaur
Ichthyosaur (Fischsaurier)
cc. Fritz Geller-Grimm
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Other Animals On the Land

• Small Mammals

Yanoconodon
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Mesozoic Era

• A closer look

K-T Boundary
Today
65mya
Cenozoic
birds
mammals
65mya
Mesozoic
Anchiceratops
Cretaceous
Tyrannosaurus Rex
John Conway
Parasaurolophus
struthiomimus
Younger
Iguanodon
Hypsilophodon
250mya
cc. Arthur Weasley
cc. Arthur Weasley
145mya
Paleozoic
lizard
mammal
Jurassic
Stegosaur
Diplodocus
Allosaurus
cc. Arthur Weasley
545mya
Pterosaur
200mya
Precambrian
Older
Triassic
Early mammal
Plateosaurus
Eoraptor
4.6bya
250mya
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Brain Challenge

• How did dinosaurs defend against attacks?
• How many different dinosaur defences can you
  remember?

Lesothosaurus
Gastonia
Anchiceratops
Ankylosaurus
Pachycephalosaurus
cc. Arthur Weasley
Diplodocus
National Museum of Natural History, Washington
D.C.
Iguanodon
Field Museum of Natural History
Stegosaurus
cc. Arthur Weasley
cc. Arthur Weasley
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Activity

• How fast could dinosaurs run?

Lesthlosaurus
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How fast did dinosaurs run?

• Dinosaurs walked on their toes

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How fast did dinosaurs run?

• Footprints

Sauropod
Cheirotherium
Eubrontes
John Conway
Oxford university museum of natural history
cc. Mark A. Wilson
Grallator
Sauropod
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
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Activity

• Walking or running?

A
Walking
B
Running
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Distance _____ metres
Number of Steps (footprints)
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Walking
Gallimimus
5
Running
cc. Steveoc86
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Question
?

• Why did the dinosaurs die?

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Why did the dinosaurs die?

• The K-T Extinction Event

More volcanic activity
Meteorite Impact
Sea Level change
Climate change
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Meteorite Impact

• Clues on the Earth
• Chicxulub Crater

PD-USGOV-NASA Modified by D. Fuchs
Meteor Crater
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Brain Challenge

• Questions about dinosaurs

1. Dinosaur means terrible fantastic
reptile .
2. Dinosaurs walked on their knees
toes.
3. Dinosaurs stood upright upside-down.
4. Archosauria means silly ruling
reptiles
5. Bipeds walked on 2 4 legs.
6. Dinosaurs laid rocks eggs.
7. Tyrannosaurus rex ate meat spaghetti.
8. Ultrasaurus and Supersaurus were the
smallest largest dinosaurs.
9. Dinosaurs lived during the Victorian
Mesozoic Era.
10. There were two main groups of dinosaurs
reptile- and elephant- bird- hipped.
11. Tyrannosaurus rex means king lovely
tyrant reptile.
12. Sauropodomorphs had long short
necks and tails.

1. Ankylosaurus had a tail bone club.

14. Hadrosaurs were duck- turkey-
billed dinosaurs.
15. Ceratopsians, like Triceratops, had
funny horned faces.
16. Were Pterosaurs dinosaurs? Yes No.
17. Mammals in the Mesozoic Era were shrew-sized
sausage- insect- eaters.
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The End
Avacerotops