amorphous ornament

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amorphous ornament CAAD, Milling course WS04
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(No Transcript)
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Russell Loveridge - loveridge_at_arch.ethz.ch HIL
F56.2
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Russell Loveridge - loveridge_at_arch.ethz.ch Marcus
Braach - braach_at_arch.ethz.ch - HIL
E15.1 Hilfassistant - TBA
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Russell Loveridge - loveridge_at_arch.ethz.ch Marcus
Braach - braach_at_arch.ethz.ch Hilfassistant -
TBA Course Time Wednesdays 1000-1200 AM
HIL F40.9
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• Russell Loveridge - loveridge_at_arch.ethz.ch
• Marcus Braach - braach_at_arch.ethz.ch
• Hilfassistant - TBA
• Course Time
• Wednesdays 1000-1200 AM HIL F40.9
• Administration
• Course TWIKI Update
• Schedule Update
• Assignment Update

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This course is an introduction to digital design
manufacturing in contemporary architecture.
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This course is an introduction to digital design
manufacturing in contemporary architecture.
DIGITAL CNC-FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY gt CONTEXT
o      Overview and history o      Review of
current practices TECHNOLOGY o      influence
on design architecture. o      overview of
different types of CAM o      Specific focus on
milling DESIGN o Generated digital design
o parametric design o mass customization
ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE Lectures and theory o
Complex geometries topology o  Changes in
design capabilities and strategies Skill
building o hands on experience with several
CNC machines o practical assignements Persona
l research, experimentation, production o
diplomwahlfacharbeit
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Context
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Context History of Automated Fabrication and
Architecture.
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Context History of Automated Fabrication and
Architecture. The begining of using the MACHINE
for mass production.
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• Context History of Automated Fabrication and
  Architecture.
• The begining of using the MACHINE for mass
  production.
• Industrial revolution from 1750s

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• Context History of Automated Fabrication and
  Architecture.
• The begining of using the MACHINE for mass
  production.
• Industrial revolution from 1750s
• Steam Engine 1769

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• Context History of Automated Fabrication and
  Architecture.
• The begining of using the MACHINE for mass
  production.
• Industrial revolution from 1750s
• Steam Engine 1769
• Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786

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• Context History of Automated Fabrication and
  Architecture.
• The begining of using the MACHINE for mass
  production.
• Industrial revolution from 1750s
• Steam Engine 1769
• Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
• Expansion of the Railways, 1840

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• Context History of Automated Fabrication and
  Architecture.
• The begining of using the MACHINE for mass
  production.
• Industrial revolution from 1750s
• Steam Engine 1769
• Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
• Expansion of the Railways, 1840
• Meat packing lines, Birmingham Chicago, 1840

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• Context History of Automated Fabrication and
  Architecture.
• The begining of using the MACHINE for mass
  production.
• Industrial revolution from 1750s
• Steam Engine 1769
• Leeds Woollen Workers Petition, 1786
• Expansion of the Railways, 1840
• Meat packing lines, Birmingham Chicago, 1840
• Ford Assembly line experimentations 1850

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Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850

• Assembly line manufacturing economics of scale
• MASS PRODUCTION
• Changes in consumer society demanded new
  requirements for efficiency.
• Assembly line manufacturing evolves based on
  analysing the efficient workflow positions of the
  employees
• The term Industrial Automation is used for the
  first time in Ford documents at this time

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Ford Assembly line experimentation 1850

• Assembly line manufacturing economics of scale
• MASS PRODUCTION
• How could ideas from the industrial manufacturing
  process be applied to architecture?

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The Crystal Palace Grand Exposition, 1851 - Sir
Joseph Paxton Regent Park, London, UK.
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The Crystal Palace construction history
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The Crystal Palace Exhibition of the new
industrial utopia.
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The early 1900s
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The early 1900s Advances in science,
engineering, and materials gave rise to new
empires and new political power
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• The early 1900s
• Architecture during wartime
• Allocation of resources to the war effort
• Technological developments for efficiency of
  industry
• Mass production of specific goods

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• The early 1900s
• Architecture during wartime
• Allocation of resources to the war effort
• Technological developments for efficiency of
  industry
• Mass production of specific goods
• The war effort brought significant advances in
  the fields of science, engineering, materials,
  and manufacturing...
• How could this knowledge be applied to
  architecture?

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• The early 1900s
• Architecture during wartime
• Allocation of resources to the war effort
• Technological developments for efficiency of
  industry
• Mass production of specific goods
• The war effort brought significant advances in
  the fields of science, engineering, materials,
  and manufacturing...
• How could this knowledge be applied to
  architecture?
• Architecture post-wartime
• The architecutre of rebuilding
• Great demand for the traditional
  building/construction resources
• New resources and techniques for industrialized
  goods
• Development and adaptation of technologies to
  building

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Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture
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Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture

• The DyMaxIon House Bukminster Fuller 1946
• DYnamic MAXimum tensION dwelling machine
• Designed to make use of post-war materials and
  expertise from the aviation and defence industry.
• To have been built on an assembly line and
  delivered to building sites all over the USA in a
  shipping canister.

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Post-war Industrial innovation in architecture

• The DyMaxIon House Bukminster Fuller 1946
• DYnamic MAXimum tensION dwelling machine
• Designed to make use of post-war materials and
  expertise from the aviation and defence industry.
• To have been built on an assembly line and
  delivered to building sites all over the USA in a
  shipping canister.

• The Manufactured House 1950s to present
• The house built on the assembly line was once
  considered to be the future of American
  domesticity.
• Reduction of waste and efficient use of
  materials.
• Faster construction time, and higher quality
  control.
• Customization within a modular approach.

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Present day issues with respect to architecture,
fabrication, and the construction process
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Present day issues with respect to architecture,
fabrication, and the construction process

• Current architectural practice
• Allocation of resources
• New materials
• Development and adaptation of technologies
• Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency

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Present day issues with respect to architecture,
fabrication, and the construction process

• Current architectural practice
• Allocation of resources
• New materials
• Development and adaptation of technologies
• Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency
• Architecture currently follows other design/build
  disciplines.
• It is no longer an innovator.
• Architecture does not invest in research.
• It is viewed as a commodity rather than a
  profession.

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Present day issues with respect to architecture,
fabrication, and the construction process

• Current architectural practice
• Allocation of resources
• New materials
• Development and adaptation of technologies
• Demand for ecconomic and design efficiency
• Architecture currently follows other design/build
  disciplines.
• It is no longer an innovator.
• Architecture does not invest in research.
• It is viewed as a commodity rather than a
  profession.
• Can we change this?????
• Lets look at a different industry that received a
  significant technological boost from the
  wars........

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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
1950s - Graphics
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
1950s - Graphics
1960s Industrial application
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
1950s - Graphics
1960s Industrial application
1970s Home computers
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
1950s - Graphics
1960s Industrial application
1970s Home computers
1980s Mass Produces PCs
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
1950s - Graphics
1960s Industrial application
1970s Home computers
1980s Networked computers
1980s Mass Produces PCs
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
1950s - Graphics
1960s Industrial application
1970s Home computers
1980s Networked computers
1990s Architectural acceptance
1980s Mass Produces PCs
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A brief history of the Computer Architecture
1940s - ENIAC
1950s - Graphics
1960s Industrial application
1970s Home computers
1980s Networked computers
1990s Architectural acceptance
1980s Mass Produces PCs
2000s Architectural innovation
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• A computer development history
• 1950s - the introduction of the computer to
  mainstream scientific research.
• 1960s - the introduction of graphics and visual
  representation by computer.
• 1970s - The large industrial acceptance of CAD
  in the design process.
• - The first demonstration of 3d-CAM fabrication
  from a punchcard machine
• 1978 - Dassault Ind. develops CATIA
  (Computer-Aided 3-Dimensional Interactive
  Application)
• 1980s - Development of the home PC, and software
  packages.
• 1985 - Alias releases ALIAS1 animation SFX
  software
• - SurfCAM 1.0 is released to the fabrication
  industry
• 1990s - Finally an acceptance of CAD in the
  architectural community

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• Facts
• CAD and CAM were developed by large-scale
  industry for their own use.
• CAD was not accepted for use in Architecture
  industry until 30 years after its inception.
• Cutting edge architects are using digital design
  and fabrication technology in developing their
  projects. The combination of these technologies
  returns the architect to the role as both builder
  and as a part of the fabrication/construction
  team gt the master builder

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Conclusions This move to regain control of both
the creative AND the constructive process can be
assisted through the use of CNC fabrication
machines. By giving the designer greater and more
direct control over the fabrication process, the
architect resumes an important role within the
PRODUCTION part of the DESIGN CYCLE.
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The Design and Production cycle
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• The Design and Production cycle
• As a designer you are given a problem
• You analyse the requirements limitations
• Formulate a design strategy
• Begin to design based on all known parameters
  from your analysis

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The Design and Production cycle - Modeling and
SCRIPT development
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The Design and Production cycle - Modeling and
SCRIPT development - Pattern, ornament, or form
GENERATION
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The Design and Production cycle - Modeling and
SCRIPT development - Pattern, ornament, or form
GENERATION - REFINEMENT for manufacturing
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The Design and Production cycle - Modeling and
SCRIPT development - Pattern, ornament, or form
GENERATION - REFINEMENT for manufacturing - CAM
INTERPRETATION for the machine(s)
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• The Design and Production cycle
• - Modeling and SCRIPT development
• - Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION
• - REFINEMENT for manufacturing
• - CAM INTERPRETATION for the machine(s)
• G-Code OUTPUT

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• The Design and Production cycle
• - Modeling and SCRIPT development
• - Pattern, ornament, or form GENERATION
• - REFINEMENT for manufacturing
• - CAM INTERPRETATION for the machine(s)
• G-Code OUTPUT
• CNC MANUFACTURING

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• The Design and Production cycle
• SCRIPT
• - GENERATION
• - REFINEMENT
• INTERPRETATION
• OUTPUT
• MANUFACTURING

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• The Design and Production cycle
• SCRIPT
• - GENERATION
• - REFINEMENT
• INTERPRETATION
• OUTPUT
• MANUFACTURING
• This output iks very useful for overall
  evaluation of the appropriateness of the design
  response.

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• The Design and Production cycle
• SCRIPT
• - GENERATION
• - REFINEMENT
• INTERPRETATION
• OUTPUT
• MANUFACTURING
• This output iks very useful for overall
  evaluation of the appropriateness of the design
  response.
• The output may be a PROTOTYPE which can be
  evaluated and used to refine the generation of
  the design.

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• The Design and Production cycle
• SCRIPT
• - GENERATION
• - REFINEMENT
• INTERPRETATION
• OUTPUT
• MANUFACTURING
• This output iks very useful for overall
  evaluation of the appropriateness of the design
  response.
• The output may be a PROTOTYPE which can be
  evaluated and used to refine the generation of
  the design.
• The output can also be used to evaluate the
  efficiency of the fabrication process, and allow
  for changes in the overall manufacturing
  methodology.

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• The Design and Production cycle
• SCRIPT
• - GENERATION
• - REFINEMENT
• INTERPRETATION
• OUTPUT
• MANUFACTURING
• This output iks very useful for overall
  evaluation of the appropriateness of the design
  response.
• The output may be a PROTOTYPE which can be
  evaluated and used to refine the generation of
  the design.
• The output can also be used to evaluate the
  efficiency of the fabrication process, and allow
  for changes in the overall manufacturing
  methodology.
• The end goal is to produce well designed
  efficient products. The inclusion of digital
  design and CNC fabrication only allow for an
  acceleration in the process, and an increase in
  control to the designer.

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Why use CAM in Architecture
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• Why use CAM in Architecture
• Efficiency
• Automation, and commercial / cost advantages.
• Repetition and time savings.
• Rapid prototyping.

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• Why use CAM in Architecture
• Efficiency
• Automation, and commercial / cost advantages.
• Repetition and time savings.
• Rapid prototyping.

Kas Oosterhuis
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• Why use CAM in Architecture
• Efiiciency
• Complexity
• Able to quickly manufacture very complex forms.
• Ability to manufacture single forms that
  traditionally would have been made in pieces.
• Ability to scale items precisely, and use scale
  testing.

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• Why use CAM in Architecture
• Efficiency
• Complexity
• Customization
• Able to use parametric design to create large
  runs of different pieces
• Automating both the generative process and the
  manufacturing
• Able to produce distinct modular components.
• costs of Mass Customisation COULD be
  approximately the same as standardized
  construction.

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• Why use CAM in Architecture
• Efficiency
• Complexity
• Customization

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• Why use CAM in Architecture
• Efficiency
• Complexity
• Customization

These three advantages affect both the
possibilities for design and the capabilites of
the output. PARAMETRIC DESIGN and CNC
FABRICATION is the basis for MASS CUSTOMIZATION
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• CAM in Architecture
• Developments in technology specifically taget the
  issue of ineficiencies of labour
• For Architecture, a succesful new technology must
  target
• time the design process
• efficiency in the fabrication process
• simplicity the construction process

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• CAM in Architecture
• Developments in technology specifically taget the
  issue of ineficiencies of labour
• For Architecture, a succesful new technology must
  target
• time the design process
• efficiency in the fabrication process
• simplicity the construction process
• By using digital and CNC technologies, the
  architect is able to re-visit many facets of
  architecture that have been lost to the
  proffession for reasons of efficiency,
  simplicity, and standardization.

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• CAM in Architecture
• Developments in technology specifically taget the
  issue of ineficiencies of labour
• For Architecture, a succesful new technology must
  target
• time the design process
• efficiency in the fabrication process
• simplicity the construction process

By using this technology the architect is able to
re-visit many facets of architecture that have
been lost to the proffession for reasons of
efficiency, simplicity, and standardization. Ef
ficiency, Complexity, Customization Ornament,
as an architectural embelishment, has been lost
due in part to the mechanization and
industrialization of architectural componants,
and in part due to modernism and its simple
aesthetic. The interesting issue for this course
then is the use of digital technologies to allow
for a re-incorporation of ornament within
architecture. Ornament that is efficient,
complex, and customized for the specific
application.
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• CAM in Architecture
• Developments in technology specifically taget the
  issue of ineficiencies of labour
• For Architecture, a succesful new technology must
  target
• time the design process
• efficiency in the fabrication process
• simplicity the construction process

By using this technology the architect is able to
re-visit many facets of architecture that have
been lost to the proffession for reasons of
efficiency, simplicity, and standardization. Ef
ficiency, Complexity, Customization Ornament,
as an architectural embelishment, has been lost
due in part to the mechanization and
industrialization of architectural componants,
and in part due to modernism and its simple
aesthetic. The interesting issue for this course
then is the use of digital technologies to allow
for a re-incorporation of ornament within
architecture. Ornament that is efficient,
complex, and customized for the specific
application. In the end, this technology is not
an overall solution to design problems, but
should be seen as a tool that can be employed by
the architect to enhance thier role and control
over design.
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CONCLUSIONS
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CONCLUSIONS - Architecture was at one time
synonymous with the developments of technology. -
Modernization gt The removal of the architect from
the building process. - Architecture is now a
late adoptor of technology and marginal investor
in advanced research. - Architecture typically
adopts technology developed by other large
industrial design professions - Computers have
now entered the mainstream of architecture,
although the typical office still only uses them
for creating construction documents. - It took 30
years for the mainstream adoption of CAD into
Architecture - CAM was first introduced in the
1970s. - CAM is being used by the avant guard of
architecture to create forms and theories based
on a contemporary understanding of current
technology from other fields. - CAM is becomming
more affordable and widespread. It will
eventually become another tool for the everyday
practice of architecture.
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