On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP )

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On Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP )

• CSE 6590

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Types of Multicast Routing in MANETs

• Tree-based
• One path between a source-receiver pair
• AMRoute, AMRIS, MAODV
• Mesh-based
• Multiple paths between a source-receiver pair
• ODMRP, CAMP
• Hybrid
• Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP)

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Typical Multicast Routing Protocols

• AMRIS Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocol
  Utilizing Increasing ID Numbers
• National University of Singapore
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• November 1998 draft
• ODMRP On-demand Multicasting Routing Protocol
• University of California at Los Angeles
• January 2000 draft

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Why compare them?
AMRIS ODMRP
Big difference Big difference Big difference
Topology Shared (Core-based) Tree Mesh of Nodes
Main Similarity Main Similarity Main Similarity
Mobility support Yes, based on MANET Yes, based on MANET
Driven mode On-demand, do not store whole network topology On-demand, do not store whole network topology
Advantages simple topology low overheads mobility robustness
Disadvantages sensitive to mobility (low delivery ratio) complex topology high overheads
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ODMRP

• Multicast Messages
• JOIN-QUERY (J-Q)
• JOIN-REPLY (J-R)
• Similar to Route Request and Route Reply in AODV
  and DSR

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• Basic Operation of ODMRP
• On Demand Route and Mesh Creation
• Join Query
• Join Reply
• S floods a Join Query to entire network to
  refresh membership.
• Receiving node stores the backward learning into
  routing table and rebroadcasts the packet.
• Finally when query reaches a receiver creates a
  Join Reply and broadcasts its to its neighbors.
• Node receiving the Join Reply checks whether the
  next node id in Join Reply matches it own. If yes
  , it is a part of the forwarding group, sets its
• FG_FLAG and broadcasts its join reply built upon
  matched entries.
• Join Reply is propagated by each forwarding group
  member until it reaches source via a shortest
  path.

R
S
R
R
R
R
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ODMRP Join Reply

• JOIN-REPLY message

J-R of R1
J-R of I1
Sender Next Node
S1 I1
S2 I2
Sender Next Node
S1 S1
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• Concept of Forwarding Group
• Why a mesh?
• Links
• Multicast Routes
• Initial Route from S1 to R2 is lt S1 -A- B- R2gt
• Redundant Route lt S1- A- C- B- R2gt

FG
FG
FG
FG
FG
FG
R1
S1
A
B
S2
C
R3
S3
R2
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ODMRP Sender Actions

• Sender actions
• Downstream
• Generate J-Q message
• Broadcast J-Q
• Upstream
• Receive J-R (include the path info)

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ODMRP Intermediate Nodes (downstream)

• Intermediate node actions (downstream)
• Receive J-Q, omit duplicated ones (use cached
  sequence numbers)
• Store upstream node info
• Re-broadcast J-Q

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ODMRP Intermediate Nodes (upstream)

• Intermediate node actions (upstream)
• Received J-R
• If node is on the path
• Generate new J-R with node info and broadcast,
  route established!

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ODMRP Receiver Actions

• Receiver actions
• Downstream
• Received J-Q
• Generate J-R with path info
• Upstream
• Broadcast J-R

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ODMRP Maintenance phase

• Soft state approach
• Sender repeat J-R periodically to maintain mesh.
• Node joins
• Sending J-R as discusses before.
• Node leaves
• Sender stops sending J-Q
• Receiver stops sending J-R
• Links break
• Receiver receives new J-Q and replies with J-R

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Algorithm Comparison (1)
AMRIS ODMRP
More differences More differences More differences
Multicast topology Shared Delivery Tree Mesh of Nodes

Initialization Generating msm-id Store upstream info
Maintenance All nodes periodically send beacon message Sender periodically send J-Q msg
Node joins Detect beacon msg and perform branch reconstruction Detect J-Q and response J-R
Node leaves Stop beacon msg Stop J-R or J-Q
Link-break No more beacon msg and perform BR Receive new J-Q and reply with J-R
More and more differences (message types, routing table info) More and more differences (message types, routing table info) More and more differences (message types, routing table info)
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Algorithm Comparison (2)
AMRIS and ODMRP
More Similarities More Similarities
Mobility support Yes, based on MANET
Driven mode On-demand, does not store whole network topology

Broadcast message Yes
Unicast capabilities Yes
Periodic message Yes
Loop free Yes
More similarities More similarities
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Performance Comparison (1)

• Packet Delivery Ratio as a function of mobile
  speed
• of data packets actually delivered to the
  destinations versus of data packets supposed to
  be received
• PDR of ARMIS is speed sensitive

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Performance Comparison (2)

• Packet Delivery Ratio as a function of of
  senders
• PDR of AMRIS is not sensitive to of senders
• ODRMPs performance improves as number of senders
  increases

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Performance Comparison (3)

• Packet Delivery Ratio as a function of multicast
  group size
• PDR of ODMRP is not sensitive to group size
• AMRISs performance improves as group size grows

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Performance Comparison (4)

• Packet Delivery Ratio as a function of network
  traffic load
• AMRIS has severe packet loss rates
• ODMRP suffers less

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Overhead Comparison (1)

• Number of Control Bytes Transmitted Per Data
  Bytes Delivered as a function of mobility speed
• Control bytes are control packets and data packet
  headers
• Not speed sensitive
• AMRIS has lower ratio

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Overhead Comparison (2)

• Number of Control Bytes Transmitted Per Data
  Bytes Delivered as a Function of of Senders
• AMRIS is not affected by number of senders
• ODMRP may not be efficient in large networks

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Qualitative Comparison

• Bandwidth Consumption
• ODMRP tends transmit more control bytes than
  AMRIS
• However, ODMRP has higher packet delivery ratio
• Power Consumption
• Depends on mobility speed, number of senders,
  network traffic load, etc.
• Not a problem for vehicle-based mobile nodes

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References

• A Performance Comparison Study of Ad Hoc
  Wireless Multicast Protocols, Sung-Ju Lee,
  William Su, Julian Hsu, Mario Gerla, and Rajive
  Bagrodia, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2000
• Multicast over wireless mobile ad hoc networks
  Present and future directions, Carlos de Morais
  Cordeiro, Hrishikesh Gossain and Dharma P.
  Agrawal, IEEE Network, January 2003
• Exploring Mesh- and Tree Based Multicast Routing
  Protocols for MANETs, Kumar Viswanath, Katia
  Obraczka and Gene Tsudik
• Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks Understanding
  Single Radio, Dual Radio and Multi-Radio Wireless
  Mesh Networks
• On the 802.11 Turbulence of Nintendo DS and Sony
  PSP Handheld Network Games, Mark Claypool
• www.wikipedia.org