National Mapping Initiatives in Sri Lanka

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National Mapping Initiatives in Sri Lanka
by S.M.W.Fernando
Surveyor General Survey Department of Sri Lanka
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Ancient Mapping Sri Lanka

• The first map constructing shape of
• Sri Lanka produced by Greco-Egyptian Astronomer
  Claudiuis Ptolemy
• (AD c.90-168)

• Represent relatively accurate
• coordinates of Sri Lanka although size
• bit exaggerated

• Records of place names, natural
• features and description of the island
• was consistent

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Ancient Mapping Sri Lanka

• Map of Claudiuis Ptolemy

First Map of Sri Lanka
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Traditional Sri Lankan Cartography

• It reflects the reconstruction of ancient
  engineering achievements (construction of tanks,
  canals and dams) with very little of early
  knowledge of surveying

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Traditional Sri Lankan Cartography
Ancient Irrigation

• Amban Ganga valley and Yoda Ela Canal
• 17th/18th century

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Traditional Sri Lankan Cartography
Sacred Landscape

• Mural Painting of a historical temple (18th-19th
  Century)

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Traditional Sri Lankan Cartography
Architectural Plan of a building

• Soragune Devale 17th Century

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16th - 18th century maps of the country

• Show a great variation in
• depicting shape of the island

• Represent topographic and
• territorial information

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16th - 18th century maps of the country

• Map from the journal of Joris van Spilbergen(in
  1605)

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16th - 18th century maps of the country

• Map of the Island depicting kingdom of Kandy

by Robert Knox in 1681
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16th - 18th century maps of the country

• Langka or Tambraparni (Ceylon) according to

Sanscrit, Pali and Sinhalese in 1859
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Evolution of systematic Mapping in Sri Lanka

• Commenced in mid 18th century after the
  establishment of the Survey Department in 1800
  by a proclamation during the rule of British

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Systematic mapping
Powers of Surveyor General
The Surveyor General has been empowered under the
Survey Act No.17 of 2002, Article 2(k)
to receive, store, reproduce and distribute
topographic, cadastral and derived maps, remote
sensed data, aerial photographs and other
surveying and mapping documents
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Systematic mapping
Control Network - Horizontal

• Horizontal control Network was first established
  by Mr.J.E.Jackson in 1934 with 94 principle
  control points.
• Further revision in 1992 with distance
  measurements by EDM equipment
• - In 1999, the entire network was upgraded with
  GPS observations establishing 10 Base stations
  and 272 principle control points.

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Systematic mapping
Control Network - Horizontal
272 Primary controls (Average accuracy 1790000)
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Systematic mapping
Control Network - Vertical

• Established during 1924-1928
• - Consists of 59
• Fundamental Bench marks

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Systematic mapping
One-Inch to One-Mile Map series

• This is the first topographical map
• series published based on ground
• surveys from 1897 to1925 at
• 163,360 scale

- 72 map sheets to cover entire country
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Systematic mapping
One-Inch to One-Mile Map
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Systematic mapping
Topographic Map series 150K

• New metric topographical map series
• published to replace One inch series
• in 1977

• Compiled mostly using photogrammetric
• methods (Aerial Photography on 140K)
• and cartographic technologies based
• on old One inch series

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Systematic mapping
Topographic Map series 150K
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Systematic mapping
Topographic Map series 110K

• Compiled using photogrammetric
• methods and satellite images
• since 1982

- 70 of the area of the country already
covered
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Systematic mapping
Topographic Map series 110K
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Systematic mapping
Digital mapping

• In 1980 -1990, Satellite technology
• introduced to the Department

• Sophisticated survey equipment
• and mapping software introduced
• since 1990

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Digital Mapping Products
TOPO 50K Dataset
Complete for the entire country

• Admin (DS Division)
• Buildings
• Grid
• Hydro (Streams, Tanks)
• Trans (Roads, Railroad)
• Landuse
• Places
• Reserves
• Terrain (Contour, Spot Heights)
• Utility (Power Line)

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Digital Mapping Products
TOPO 10K TILED MAP
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Digital Mapping Products
Derived DTM from 150K Data
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Digital Mapping Products
LIDAR Data
Digital Surface Model ProjectionUTM WGS84-
Zone 44
Data available from Puttalam to Arugam Bay
LiDAR Acquisition Parameters Horizontal
Resolution 1m Vertical Resolution 0.3 m
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Digital Mapping Products
LIDAR DEM
Overlayed with Hydro and Transport layers at
110K
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Digital mapping
Map updating
using ALOS PRISM Data 2.5m resolution
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Thanks for attention