Historic Supreme Court Cases

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Historic Supreme Court Cases
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Timeline of Important Supreme Court Cases
1981 Ronald Regan president
1968 MLK killed
Segregation constitutional
1803
1819
1824
1857
1896
1854
1954
1961
1969
1966
1973
1974
1982
1985
1871 Women got right to vote
1865 Slavery Abolished
1964 Outlawed segregation
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Marbury vs. Madison (1803)

• Supreme Court has the power to declare laws and
  actions unconstitutional.

Review or action
not
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

• Congress can create a national bank,
• a power implied in the elastic clause.

What is necessary and proper.
First National Bank of the United States
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Ogden v. Gibbons (1824)
Aaron Ogden Steamboat operator with a New York
License to operate.
Thomas Gibbons Steamboat operator with a federal
license to operate.
Filed a complaint to stop Gibbons operation.
Argued that congress had the only power to
regulate commerce between states.
The constitution gives Congress the power to
regulate interstate commerce.
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Plessey vs. Ferguson(1896)
Homer Plessey was a light skinned black who
wanted to show the South that Jim Crow laws
were unconstitutional. He bought a ticket in the
white section of a railroad car and then
identified himself as black in order to get
arrested.

• The Supreme Court decided
• The 14th Amendment Equal Protection clause was
  not violated.
• Separate facilities did not create a situation of
  inequality.
• Separate but equal legalizes racial segregation
  in the South for the next 60 years.

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
1950 southern schools

• 13 parents sued the Topeka, Kansas Board of
  Education for not providing equal school
  accommodations for their children.

Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned
The Supreme Court ruled that separate
educational facilities are inherently unequal.
It was ruled in violation of the equal protection
law of the 14 Amendment.
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Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Who remembers what the 4th amendment protects us
(citizens) against?
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Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
The Police department got a tip that Dollree Mapp
and her daughter were hiding a bomb fugitive.
They entered her house without a search warrant
and found questionable material in her basement.
They seized the evidence and Mapp was
arrested. Mapp was convicted due to the
evidence.
The court found that the evidence was found under
"unreasonable searches and seizures" and couldnt
be used in court. (4th Amendment)
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Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

• What is the Miranda warning? Can you say the
  whole thing?

clue
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Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Ernesto Arturo Miranda
You have the right to remain silent. Anything you
say can and will be used against you in a court
of law. You have the right to speak to an
attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one
will be appointed for you. Do you understand
these rights as they have been read to you?
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Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

• Supreme Court stated that before individuals are
  interrogated law enforcement must inform them
  about their constitutional rights.

Ernesto Arturo Miranda
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Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
They wanted to wear arm bands to protest the
Vietnam War. The school principals said if they
were to wear the armbands they would be
suspended.
John and Mary Beth Tinker
The Supreme Courts decision was based on the
First Amendment (free speech). It also defined
the constitutional rights of students in U.S.
public schools.
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Roe v. Wade (1973)

• Norma McKovey aka Jane Roe wanted an abortion,
  but under TX law it was illegal.

Henry Wade
The Supreme Court ruled that under the 14
Amendment it is a fundamental right under the US
Constitution for women to have an abortion.
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U.S v. Nixon (1974)
President Nixon tried to use his executive powers
to prevent handing over incriminating evidence
against him in a criminal investigation.
(Watergate)
President Richard Nixon
The Supreme Court ruled against Nixon. In doing
so they set precedent showing that the president
was not above the law.
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T.L.O. v New Jersey (1985)
2 High school freshman were caught smoking in
their high school bathroom. One of the
students purse was searched and drug materials
were found. Her locker was searched and
information about her drug dealing was revealed.
There was never a search warrant. T.L.O
fought the search and said it violated her 4th
Amendment rights against unreasonable searches.
The Supreme Court held that the search was
reasonable because exclusionary rule doesnt
allow to public schools