Mexican%20War%20for%20Independence

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Mexican War for Independence
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Mexico Today
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Spanish Colonies Around the World
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Latin America on the Eve of Revolution
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I Conditions Before the Revolution

• A. Poor Working Conditions
• Day laborers, low wages
• Slavery
• B. Brutal Oppression
• C. No Rights
• 1. loss of land
• 2. No democracy
• D. Creoles mestizoes paid high taxes

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Social Pyramid
Peninsulares Spanish_born in Spain
Creoles (Criollos)Spanish born in Latin America
Mulattoes Mestizoes
Africans Native Americans, Filipinos
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Tax Pyramid
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Father Miguel Hidalgo
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II. El Grito de Dolores

• A. On September 16, 1810, Father Miguel
• Hidalgo delivered a sermon calling for
• 1. An end to Spanish Oppression
• 2. An end to bad Spanish government
• 3. An end to slavery/poor working
• conditions
• 4. Independence from Spanish Rule
• B. Miguel Hidalgos marked the beginning of the
  Mexican War for Independence

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II. El Grito de Dolores
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III. The Mexico War for Independence Begins

• About 50,000 Mestizos, Mulattos, Native Americans
  some Criollos organized themselves into an army
• They were armed with machetes, axes, clubs,
  knives, sticks stones, etc
• They began their march from Dolores to
• San Miguel, to Celaya where they took a
  picture of The Virgen de Guadalupe as their
  symbol

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Miguel Hidalgo
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Virgen de Guadalupe
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Virgen de Guadalupe
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III. The Mexico War for Independence Begins

• D. The March continued to Mexico City,
• where they lost
• E. Miguel Hidalgo was eventually captured
• Jalisco, Mexico
• F. Miguel Hidalgo was tried executed in
• Chihuahua
• G. His mutilated body was publicly displayed to
  discourage further rebellion

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The Legacy of Father Miguel Hidalgo
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The Execution of Father Miguel Hidalgo
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The Legacy of Father Miguel Hidalgo
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Jose Morelos
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IV. The Revolution Continues
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IV. The Revolution Continues

• A. After Miguel Hidalgo was executed, Jose
  Morelos continued the fight
• B. He captured Oaxaca Acapulco in 1813
• C. He organized groups into the Congress of
  Chilpancingo
• 1. Declared from independence from Spain
• 2. Created a Constitution (Sentiemientos
• de la Nacion)

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Congress of Chilpancingo
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IV. The Revolution Continues

• C. Sentiemientos de la Nacion
• 1. called for an end to slavery
• 2. an end to class system
• D. Morelos was captured in Cuatla
• E. Morelos was executed in San Cristobal
• Ecatepec on December 22,1815

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IV. The Revolution Continues
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IV. The Revolution Continues

• F. Guerilla Warfare
• 1. Guerilla warfare is setting traps,
• fighting in unconventional manner
• 2. Guadalupe Victoria continued the
• revolution in Puebla
• 3. Vicente Guerrero (Afro-Mexican) continued
  to fight in Oaxaca along with Isidoro Montes de
  Oca Francisco Mongoy (Filipino-Mexican)

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Mexican Generals in the War for Independence
Vicente Guerrero
Guadalupe Victoria
Augustin de Iturbide
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V. Mexican Independence

• The fighting continued until 1821
• On August 24, 1821 Treaty of Cordoba
• was signed giving Mexico independence
• from Spain

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V. Mexican Independence
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Mexican Empire 1822
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VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence

• A Constitution of 1824
• a) prohibited slavery
• b) elections
• c) Catholicism official religion

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VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence

• B Poor remained poor due
• 1) corruption
• 2) exploitation
• 3) racism
• 4) poor land options

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VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence

• C. 1823 The Mexican Empire breaks up into
• 1. Guatemala
• 2. Honduras
• 3. El Salvador
• 4. Costa Rica
• 5. Nicaragua

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United Provinces of Central America
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Central America Today
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VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence

• D 1823 Monroe Doctrine
• 1)European countries are not to colonize
• or interfere in the newly independent
• Latin American countries
• 2) The US would view European
• intervention as hostile possibly act

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The Monroe Doctrine
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VII. Legacy of Mexican Independence

• 3) 1904 Roosevelt Corollary US may use
• Intervention in Latin American politics
• E. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
• 1. 1993- free trade between the US,
• Mexico Canada
• 2. Hurt Mexican economy
• 3. Forced peasants from their land into
• the cities

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1904 Roosevelt Corollary
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1904 Roosevelt Corollary
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Mexico Celebrates 202 years of Independence!
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Latin American Independence
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Latin American Independence