U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program, Policy and International Cooperation

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U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and
Timing Program, Policy and International
Cooperation

• Location India 2008
• New Delhi, India
• February 6-8, 2008

Robert Ford, Senior Advisor Office of Space and
Advanced Technology Bureau of Oceans,
Environment and Science U.S. State Department
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Introduction

• Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical
  component of the global information
  infrastructure
• Scalable applications enabling broad new
  capabilities
• Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety,
  environmental, public security, and science
• Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global
  utility providing space-based positioning,
  navigation and timing (PNT)
• Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and
  performance
• Augmentations improve performance even further

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Overview

• Current GPS Program and Augmentations
• Modernization Plans
• National Space-Based PNT Policy
• International Cooperation
• Summary

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Current Constellation
30 Operational Satellites (Baseline
Constellation 24)

• 13 Block IIA satellites operational
• 12 Block IIR satellites operational
• Modernizing 5 remaining Block IIR satellites
• 5 Block IIR-M satellites operational
• Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
• Continuously assessing constellation health to
  determine launch needs
• Global GPS civil service performance commitment
  met continuously since 1993

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International Augmentations
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GPS constellation Delivering excellent
performance
Standard
Performance Improving
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GPS Modernization

• System-wide improvements in
• Accuracy
• Availability
• Integrity
• Reliability
• Backward compatibility
• Robustness against interference
• Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use
• Interoperability with other GNSS constellations

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GPS III Satellites Civil Signals

• Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate
  increasing power requirements
• Development approach to reduce risk, increase
  flexibility
• Separate contracts for space and ground segments
• Acquisition processes for control segment
  /satellite are underway
• OCX Request for Proposal Released contract
  awarded on Nov 23 07
• GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released
• Civil benefits
• Provides operational capability for second (L2C)
  and third (L5) civil signals
• In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites
• Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo
• Significant increase in system accuracy
• Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

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United States Policy History

• 1983 President Reagan offers free civilian
  access to GPS
• 1996 President Clinton issues first U.S. GPS
  policy
• Designates GPS a dual-use system under joint
  civil/military management
• 1997 Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to
  be provided free of direct user fees
• 2004 President Bush issues U.S. policy on
  space-based PNT

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2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
Updated policy retains 1996 principles

• Recognizes the changing international scene
• Other nations implementing space-based systems
  that provide PNT services
• National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee
• Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and
  Transportation
• Membership includes State, Commerce, Homeland
  Security, Interior, Joint Chief of Staffs, and
  NASA
• Established National Coordination Office (NCO)
  with staff from each member agency

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National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure
WHITE HOUSE
WHITE HOUSE
Defense
Transportation
NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE Co-Chairs Defense, Transportation
State
ADVISORYBOARD Sponsor NASA
Commerce
Homeland Security
Joint Chiefs of Staff
NATIONAL COORDINATIONOFFICE Host Commerce
NASA
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U.S. Department Agency Activities

• PNT Executive Committee meets regularly
• International Coordination and Cooperation
  State
• Accelerating bilateral and multilateral
  activities
• Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan DHS
• DOD and DOT PNT Architecture for 2025
• DOD Selective Availability (SA)
• SA feature was used in the past to intentionally
  degrade civilian GPS service implemented in 1995
  but not used outside tests/exercises,
  discontinued in May 2000
• GPS III satellites will NOT include SAT
  capability
• Decision announced at 36th ICAO Assembly Sep.
  2007

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National Coordination Office (NCO)

• Facilitates information sharing, coordination,
  and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT
  across all Departments
• Facilitates coordination among Agencies re plans
  to modernize U.S. space-based PNT infrastructure
• Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies,
  analyses, and projects that have broad U.S.
  Government participation
• Represents Executive Committee in discussion with
  state and local entities, foreign governments,
  and international organizations

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Advisory Board

• Conducts assessments makes recommendations to
  the ExCom in support of national policy goals and
  objectives related to space-based PNT
• Focuses on leadership, strategic engagement and
  communication, and future challenges
• Twenty-four members 6 international members
  meets twice a year since March 2007

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U.S. National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation
and Timing Policy Objectives

• Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of
  direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis
  .
• Improve capabilities to prevent hostile use of
  space-based PNT services to protect the mutual
  security concerns of the U.S. and its allies.
• Improve performance of civil GPS and
  augmentations to meet or exceed that of
  international systems.
• Maintain GPS as a component of multiple sectors
  of U.S critical infrastructure.
• Encourage international development of PNT
  systems based on GPS - seek to ensure
  international systems are interoperable, or at a
  minimum, compatible with civil GPS and its
  augmentations.

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Bilateral GPS Cooperation

• U.S.-EU GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement of
  2004
• Established four Work Groups
• July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC)
• U.S.-India Expanded cooperation since 2004 under
  Next Steps in Strategic Partnership and new Joint
  Working Group on Civil Space Cooperation
• Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation adopted at
  second Joint Working Group meeting, February
  2007, text available at http//www.state.gov/g/oes
  /rls/or/81450.htm
• Several meetings held between U.S. and Indian
  experts on compatibility, interoperability and
  spectrum coordination, including technical
  meetings last week in Bangalore
• Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions

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Bilateral GPS Cooperation (C0ntd)

• U.S.-Russia Negotiating GPS-GLONASS Cooperation
  Agreement since 2005
• Discussing greater interoperability of civil
  GPS-GLONASS signals
• Russia WG-1 chair prop0sed adopting two new civil
  CDMA signals at L1, L5, interoperable with GPS
• U.S.-Japan Policy and technical consultations on
  GPS cooperation since 1996
• - QZSS design to be compatible, interoperable
  with GPS
• - Working to establish QZSS monitoring stations
  in Hawaii/Guam

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Other International Activities

• U.S. held GPS bilateral consultations with
  Australia, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, South
  Africa, and others
• Continuing interest in GPS-related issues that
  arise in multilateral organizations (ITU, ICAO,
  IMO, NATO, etc)
• Influenced APEC/GNSS Implementation Team to
  broaden GNSS applications in all modes of
  transportation and beyond
• International Committee on GNSS (ICG) will help
  us broaden the dialogue among users and
  developers

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International Committee on GNSS (ICG)

• Emerged from 3rd UN Conference on the Exploration
  and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space July 1999
• Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into
  infrastructures, particular in developing
  countries
• Encourage compatibility and interoperability
  among global and regional systems
• Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia,
  China Japan, India) and international user groups
  to address common issues, e.g. reference frame,
  orbital debris

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ICG (Continued)

• Exchange Views on ICG Work Plan by Work Groups
• A. Interoperability and compatibility
• B. Enhancement of Performance of GNSS Services
• C. Information dissemination, education, outreach
  coordination
• D. Interaction with monitoring and reference
  station network orgs.
• First Providers Forum and ICG-2 held in India
  September 2007
• Providers agreed on interoperability and
  compatibility terms including spectral separation
  between each systems authorized service signals
  and other systems signals
• China requested to be recognized as a GNSS
  Provider
• U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Cal. December
  8-12, 2008

As new space-based GNSS emerges globally,
interoperability is the key to success for all
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Summary

• GPS performance is getting better and continuing
  to improve
• Augmentations enable high performance today
• Second new GPS signal now available
• No Selective Availability features in GPS III
• U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide
  stability and transparency for users and industry
• Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS
  and augmentations
• U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and
  augmentations is stronger and more active
• Many policy implementation actions in progress
• International cooperation is a U.S. top priority

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Contact Information
Robert J. Ford Senior Advisor U.S. State
Department OES/SAT, SA-23 Suite 410 Washington,
D.C. 20520 Ph [phone] Fax (202)
663-2402 fordrj_at_state.gov
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Web-based Information

• PNT.gov established to disseminate information
  on the U.S. National Executive Committee
• Information on the U.S. National Policy, Exec
  Committee membership, the Advisory Board, and
  frequently asked questions
• Recent public presentations to include this
  presentation
• GPS.gov established to disseminate information
  on GPS applications
• Brochure on GPS applications also available in
  hardcopy upon request
• Contains additional links to various other
  websites