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Geologi ialah suatu bidang tentang bumi

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Title: Geologi ialah suatu bidang tentang bumi


1
Geologi ialah suatu bidang tentang bumi
Kejuruteraan adalah suatu bidang berkaitan dengan
reka bentuk (design) selamat dan ekonomi
2
GEOLOGI KEJURUTERAN AHLI GEOLOGI JURUTERA
3
  • Engineering geology is the application of
    geological data, techniques and principles to the
    study of rock and soil surficial materials, and
    ground water. This is essential for the proper
    location, planning, design, construction,
    operation and maintenance of engineering
    structures. Engineering geology complements
    environmental geology, or hydrogeology.

4
  • Engineering geologists assess the natural
    foundations for buildings, bridges, dams,
    reservoirs, powerplants, pipelines, highways,
    canals, sewers, tunnels, mine adits and harbours.
    Design of these structures requires a thorough
    knowledge of the mechanical properties and
    stability of the rocks and sediments that will
    carry these structures. Engineering geologists
    need to anticipate the impact of subsidence,
    rains, floods, landslides, volcanoes and
    earthquakes on the foundations that bear these
    structures. They explore the physical and
    chemical properties of structural materials
    (sand, gravel, cement, clay), and water in and
    around construction sites. They advise on land
    use and on the planning and location of new urban
    and industrial development in cities. They
    examine and report on waste disposal sites, and
    particularly those for the disposal of nuclear
    wastes.

5
  • Engineering geologists must solve practical
    engineering problems. Basic university geology
    courses include physical and historical geology,
    geomorphology, glacial geology, mineralogy and
    petrology. Courses in sedimentology,
    stratigraphy, structural geology, and geophysics
    are also taken. Other topics include soil and
    rock mechanics, hydrogeology, air photo
    interpretation, site investigation and urban
    geology. Canada is a northern country with over
    half its land mass underlain by some type of
    perenially frozen ground so engineering
    geologists are focussing increasing attention on
    permafrost problems. Current global warming
    trends are likely to intensify the melting of
    ice, causing sediment stability problems for the
    foundations of structures

6
  • Most engineering geologists work for consulting
    firms in engineering geology, geotechnical
    engineering or environmental assessment. Many are
    employed in provincial and federal surveys.
    Others are involved with large urban and
    industrial development and construction firms.
    Still more are at universities or research
    institutions. The petroleum industry also takes
    its share. The demand for engineering geologists
    is high, and there are small numbers of graduates
    (about 100 each year) from Canadian universities

7
Definition Engineering geology is devoted to the
investigation, study and solution of the
engineering and enviromental problems which may
arise as the result of the interaction between
geology and the works and activities of man as
well as the prediction and the development of
measures for prevention or remediation
of Geological hazards (IAEG Statutes, 1992)
8
Engineering geology, as a science, is concerned
with the applications of the principles of
geology to civil (and to some extent, mining)
engineering, so that the engineer can take into
account these geological aspects which control
the economy, and safety of the structure which
is required to design and construct (Beavis,
1985)
9
sambung Beavis lagi
All civil engineering works are constructed on,
or in rock and soil masses. It is essential
therefore that the civil engineer be aware of the
history, nature, and the properties of the rocks
and soils. Equally, it is essential for the
geologist, who is to work with the engineer, to
have some knowledge of engineering requirements.
10
  • Engineering geology embraces
  • the definition of the geomorphology, structure,
    stratigraphy, lithology and ground water
    conditions of geological formations
  • the characterisation of the mineralogical,
    physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic
    properties of all earth materials involved in
    construction, resource recovery and environmental
    change
  • the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological
    behaviour of soil and rock masses
  • the prediction of changes to the above properties
    with time
  • the determination of the parameters to be
    considered in the stability analysis of
    engineering works and earth masses the
    improvement and maintenance of the environmental
    condition and properties of the terrain.

11
Lihat kitar geologi (dari manusia dan geologi)
12
science
  • To observe
  • To collect data
  • To plot data
  • To evaluate and analyze data
  • To derive conclusion hyphotheses or theorizes,
    facts or illusion, truth or lies

13
Jurutera merekabentuk untuk
  • Keselamatan
  • Keuntungan

14
Sebuah madah
A SCIENTIST DISCOVERS
AN ENGINEER DESIGNS
15
Konsep2 asas geologi
  • Sistem solar dan kejadiannya
  • Bumi struktur dalam, Tektonik Keping, proses
    kejadian di permukaan dan di dalam bumi
  • Batuan dan mineral, dan kejadiannya
  • Batuan igneus dan kejadiannya, dan gunung berapi
  • Luluhawa dan batuan mendak (stratigrafi)
  • Batuan metamorfik
  • Masa geologi dan fosil

16
  • Hidrologi air tanah
  • Cangaan (struktur geologi)
  • Peta geologi, Peta Topografi, persekitaran
    geologi (enviromen kejadian dan pemendapan)
  • Sifat2 kejuruteraan tanah, batuan dan air
  • Kajian tapak geologi, geokimia, geofiziks
  • Kegunaan geologi dalam kejuruteraan sumber alam
    (air, mineral, bijih, gas asli, petroleum,
    batuan, pasir, tanahliat)
  • Contoh2 kes penyelesaian masalah dalam
    kejuruteraan mekanik tanah dan batuan, tanah
    runtuh

17
Tujuan kursus
  • Memperkenalkan konsep2 asas geologi
  • Menunjukkan bagaimana konsep2 asas geologi
    digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam
    bidang kejuruteraan (sama ada kejuruteraan awam,
    perlombongan, persekitaran, bahan, dll)
  • Hasilnyakita menjadi lebih peka dengan sumber
    yang diberi oleh bumi (terhad) untuk dimanafaat
    dengan baik oleh manusia sejagat untuk
    mensejahtera kehidupan kita yang fana ini

18
Sebuah madah
A SCIENTIST DISCOVERS
AN ENGINEER DESIGNS
19
Jurutera merekabentuk untuk
  • 1 Keselamatan
  • 2 Keuntungan

20
Tujuan kursus
  • Memperkenalkan konsep2 asas geologi
  • Menunjukkan bagaimana konsep2 asas geologi
    digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam
    bidang kejuruteraan (sama ada kejuruteraan awam,
    perlombongan, persekitaran, bahan, dll)
  • Hasilnyakita menjadi lebih peka dengan sumber
    yang diberi oleh bumi (terhad) untuk dimanafaat
    dengan baik oleh manusia sejagat demi
    kesejahteraan hidup kita yang fana in.

21
Konsep2 asas geologi
  • Sistem solar dan kejadiannya
  • Batuan dan mineral, dan kejadiannya
  • Masa geologi
  • Proses kejadian permukaan bumi
  • Proses kejadian dalam bumi
  • Sumber alam (air, mineral, bijih, gas asli,
    petrroleum, batuan, pasir, tanahliat)
  • Persekitaran geologi

22
Matlamat pembelajaran-pengajaran
  • Learn to know
  • Learn to do
  • Learn to know and how to do

Matlamat ujian/peperiksaan ? ? ?
sekelumit falsafah
23
Somebody says
  • Knowledge is power!

What do you think?
24
What do you think?
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7

25
Somebody also says
  • APPLIED knowledge is power

Do you agree?
26
pandangan bumi dari landsat images
27
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28
Earthquakes hits Hindu Kush, Afghanistan
29
Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco
30
Africa's Great Lakes
31
Iceland
Iceland
32
Snow in Northeast US
33
Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
34
Haro and Kas Hills, India
35
Facts and figures
  • Bumi dilitupi 71 oleh air dan 29 oleh daratan
    (landmass)
  • Didiami oleh manusia ..
  • Didiami oleh haiwan ..
  • Didiami oleh fauna dan flora ..

36
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37
pandangan dalam bumi
38
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39
seismology
  • P waves surface waves, longitudinal/compressional
    /push-pull type
  • trasmitted parallel to the line of propagation
    moves faster than S waves at V 6-8 km/s first
    to arrive
  • S waves surface waves also, transverse/shear
    particles moves sideways and wave motion is
    transmitted in a shear fashion, transverse to the
    line of propagation Vel 3-4 km/s

40
Cont-
  • S waves are not transmitted thru fluids cause
    the earthquakes (principal shaking)
  • P waves moves thru solid and liquid phases
  • P S waves moves faster in dense rx than in
    loose, low density materials both felt by people

41
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42
Facts and figures
  • Kerak
  • Mantel
  • Teras luar
  • Teras dalam

43
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44
Pantulan gelombang
45
isostacy
46
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47
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48
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49
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50
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51
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52
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55
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56
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57
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58
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59
Rakaman gelombang
60
Kedudukan magma dalam bumi
61
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62
Pandangan dalam bumi
63
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64
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65
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66
Peringatan kpd tok guru
  • TEORI TEKTONIK KEPING (THEORIES OF PLATE
    TECTONICS) akan dibincang semula sebagai konsep
    yg menyatukan fahaman ahli sains tentang bumi dan
    sistemnya (SOLAR?)

67
Lecture tambahan
  • Apa yang berlaku di luar bumikehebatan dan
    kepentingan astronomi

68
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69
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70
Mt Everest
  • 29 035 kaki
  • 8.84 km
  • (1 kaki 0.0003 km)

71
Renungan kpd soalan
  • Adakah komposisi kimia kerak bumi, mantel bumi
    dan teras bumi mempunyai persamaan dgn planet2
    lain dan meteorit?
  • Kalau ada persamaan, apa rumusan yang boleh di
    buat?
  • Kalau berbeza, apa rumusan yang boleh dibuat?

72
persoalan
  • Conceptual learning vs realities
  • Mental learning vs physical learning
  • Context vs content
  • Relative truth vs absolute truth
  • Science vs religion
  • Syariat vs hakikat

73
PERSOALAN 2 YG LEBIH BESAR DAN HEBAT
  • Bagaimana alam semesta terjadi?
  • Bagaimana permulaannya dan bagaimana
    kesudahannya?
  • Adakah bumi sahaja yang boleh dihuni oleh
    manusia?
  • Bagaimana dengan planet2 lain? Ada kehidupan
    lain?
  • Kalau ada kehidupan, apa maknanya?
  • Kalau tak ada kehidupan, apa maknanya?

74
persoalannya
  • Adakah kita ada jawapannya?
  • Pastikah kita tentang jawapannya?

75
In retropect
  • Kita dah banyak tahu tentang permukaan bumi,
    dalam perut bumi, di luar permukaan bumi hingga
    ke angkasa lepas, ada apa untuk kita?
  • Sebagai manusia, itu soalan yg jauh yg sukar nak
    ditelusuri
  • Sebagai jurutera, kita hadkan kegiatan kita pada
    permukaan bumi, sedikit di dalam permukaan bumi,
    dan sedikit di luar permukaan bumi ?kita kaitkan
    dgn kerja kita (sudah cukup!!!)

76
KENAPA TERHAD DI PERMUKAAN?
  • KITA AKAN MEREKABENTUK APA JUA STRUKTUR DI
    PERMUKAAN BUMI, DAN SEDIKIT DI DALAM PERMUKAAN
    BUMI DAN SEDIKIT DI LUAR PERMUKAAN BUMI YANG DI
    DALAM KAWALAN KITA, BUKAN DI LUAR KAWALAN KITA

77
  • Ciri2 fizikal dan kimia sistem solar

78
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79
Kandungan unsur dalam kerak bumi
80
  • Look at lect31 pamela
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