Regents Review Live!

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Regents Review Live!

• Living Environment Regents Review
• Ms. Foley
• Henninger High School
• Syracuse, New York

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Be Prepared on Exam Day!

• Bring to Test Site
• Identification (student id, drivers license,
  etc.)
• 2 Pens
• 2 Pencils
• Get a Good Nights Sleep
• Eat Breakfast!
• Start Studying Now!
• Be Confident in Yourself!

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Review Ideas

• Review Books available at bookstores, libraries
  or ask your teacher.
• Review Classes Listen to your teacher for review
  sessions.
• Online Resources
• http//www.nysedregents.org/LivingEnvironment
• Take 3 Complete exams BEFORE Your Test!

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Living Environment Regents Format

• Part A Multiple Choice
• Consists of approximately 30 multiple choice
  questions, that test
• you on specific factual information.
• Part B 1 Multiple Choice
• Various questions that test your knowledge of
  experimental
• data, analysis of scientific information and
  representations of
• biological phenomena.
• Part B 2 Free Response and Multiple Choice
• Questions on interpretation of data and a graph
  is included here!
• Part C Free Response
• May be a one word response, one sentence or
  multiple sentences.
• Part D Free Response and Multiple Choice
• Various questions based on the 4 mandated state
  labs.

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Read the Question Carefully!
Multiple Choice

• Read the whole question, think of your answer
  BEFORE you read the choices.

• Which structures are listed in order from the
• least complex to the most complex?
• (1) plant cell, leaf, chloroplast, rose bush
• (2) chloroplast, plant cell, leaf, rose bush
• (3) chloroplast, leaf, plant cell, rose bush
• (4) rose bush, leaf, plant cell, chloroplast

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Key Terms Phrases
Multiple Choice

• Underline the key terms and phrases of the
  question.
• Remember take your Time!

• Which reproductive pattern would be associated
• with a species that is most likely to undergo
• rapid evolutionary change?
• (1) asexual reproduction with a short
  reproductive cycle
• (2) sexual reproduction with a short
  reproductive cycle
• (3) asexual reproduction with a long
  reproductive cycle
• (4) sexual reproduction with a long
  reproductive cycle

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Read ALL the Choices
Multiple Choice

• Read the answer choices slowly and carefully.
• Cross out the answers you know are wrong.

• Abiotic factors that affect the growth
• of grass in a lawn include
• (1) bacteria and soil
• (2) earthworms and nutrients
• (3) moisture and minerals
• (4) fertilizer and decomposers

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Brief Review Ecology!

• Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors
• Autotroph vs. Heterotroph
• Food Chains and Food Webs
• Energy Pyramids

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Practice Questions

• Organisms that are able to manufacture organic
  nutrients from substances in the abiotic
  environment are classified as
• (1) heterotrophs (3) predators
• (2) fungi (4) autotrophs

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More Practice
If the population of mice is reduced by disease,
which change will most likely occur in the food
web? 1)The cricket population will increase.
2)The snake population will increase. 3)The
grasses will decrease. 4)The deer population
will decrease.
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One More Question

• Which graph best represents the relative energy
  content of the levels of this pyramid?
• 1) 2)
• 3) 4)

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Brief Review Human Impact

• Humans have a had a NEGATIVE impact on the
  environment.
• Issues Deforestation, Acid Rain, Loss of
  Biodiversity, Pollution, Global Warming, etc.
• How to Correct? Make Laws or Educate

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Question Time

• Which human activity would most
• likely deplete finite resources?
• (1) use of natural enemies to eliminate insect
  pests
• (2) development of wildlife refuges
• (3) governmental restriction of industrial
  pollution
• (4) uncontrolled population growth

• One possible reason for the rise
• in the average air temperature at
• Earths surface is that
• (1) decomposers are being destroyed
• (2) deforestation has increased the levels of
  oxygen in the atmosphere
• (3) industrialization has increased the amount of
  carbon dioxide in the air
• (4) growing crops is depleting the ozone shield

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Brief Review Mitosis and Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Occurs in body cells or somatic cells.
• Results in 2 genetically identically daughter
  cells.

• Occurs in sex cells or gametes.
• Results in 4 genetically different daughter
  cells.
• The daughter cells have ½ the amount of genetic
  information

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Practice Questions

• The arrows in the diagram below illustrate
  processes in the life of a species
• that reproduces sexually.
• Which processes result directly in the formation
  of cells with half the amount
• of genetic material that is characteristic of the
  species
• processes 1 and 2       3. processes
  3 and 4
• 2. processes 2 and 3       4. processes 4
  and 5

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More Questions

• The chromosome content of a skin cell that is
  about to form two new skin cells is
• represented in the diagram to the below.
• Which diagram below best represents the
  chromosomes that would be found in the
• two new skin cells produced as a result of this
  process?
• 1) 2)
• 3) 4)

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One More Question

• Sexual reproduction involves the processes listed
  below.
• Processes
• A. Differentiation
• B. Fertilization
• C. Gamete production
• D. Mitosis
• Which sequence represents the order in which
  these processes occur?
• (1) A ? B ? C ? D
• (2) B ? A ? C ? D
• (3) C ? B ? D ? A
• (4) D ? B ? C ? A

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Brief Review DNA

• Contains genetic information (heredity)
• Regulates the cells activities
• Located in the Nucleus
• Double Helix Model A, T, C and G (4 bases)
• Environment can Influence the EXPRESSION of
  the Genes

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Practice Questions

• The instructions for the traits of an
• organism are coded in the
• arrangement of
• 1) glucose units in carbohydrate molecules
• 2) bases in DNA in the nucleus
• 3)fat molecules in the cell membrane
• 4)energy-rich bonds in starch molecules

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More Questions

• A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth
• is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is
  an
• example of
• (1) an inherited disorder
• (2) environmental influence on gene expression
• (3) expression of a hidden trait
• (4) a characteristic controlled by more than one
• pair of genes

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One More Question

• The diagram shows a molecule of
• DNA.  What occurs in the process
• of replication?
• 1) Structure 1 is hydrolyzed.
• 2) Chemical bonds are broken in region 2.
• 3) Structure 3 is synthesized.
• 4) Proteins are formed in region 2.

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Picture Time

• Protein Synthesis

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Brief Review Protein Synthesis

• mRNA travels to the nucleus to transcribe the
  information in the DNA
• mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the
  RIBOSOME
• Translation begins at the start codon
• tRNA brings the anticodon whose bases are
  COMPLEMENTARY to the mRNA
• Protein chain grows until the stop codon is
  reached

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Question Time

• 1) The diagram shows protein
• synthesis that occurs within cells. The
• process represented in the diagram
• occurs on the cell organelle known as
• a
• 1. vacuole       3. chloroplast
• 2. ribosome       4. mitochondrion
• 2) The diagram shows a joining of two
• amino acids that occurs within cells.
• The process represented in the
• diagram is
• lipid digestion       3. protein synthesis
• 2. cell respiration       4. protein hydrolysis

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More Questions!

• Base your answer on the diagram
• which represents a biochemical
• process that occurs in a cell and your
• knowledge of biology. A change in the
• region labeled Y from U-C-G to U-G-C
• would most likely cause
• 1) the synthesis of a different protein
• 2) polyploidy
• 3) the formation of recombinant DNA
• 4) crossing-over

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Brief Review Biotechnology

• Recombinant DNA
• Cloning
• DNA Electrophoresis

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Question Time

• Which statement concerning Dolly
• is correct?
• 1) Gametes from sheep A and sheep
• B were united to produce Dolly.
• 2) The chromosome makeup of Dolly
• is identical to that of sheep A.
• 3) Both Dolly and sheep C have
• identical DNA.
• 4) Dolly contains genes from sheep B
• and sheep C.

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More Questions

• A product of genetic engineering
• Technology is represented below.
• Which substance was needed to join the insulin
  gene to the bacterial DNA as shown?
• a specific carbohydrate
• a specific enzyme
• hormones
• antibodies

• The flounder is a species of fish that
• can live in very cold water. The fish
• produces an antifreeze protein that
• prevents ice crystals from forming in
• its blood. The DNA for this protein has
• been identified. An enzyme is used to
• cut and remove this section of flounder
• DNA that is then spliced into the DNA
• of a strawberry plant. As a result, the
• plant can now produce a protein that
• makes it more resistant to the
• damaging effects of frost. This process
• is known as
• 1) sorting of genes
• 2) genetic engineering
• 3) recombination of chromosomes
• 4) mutation by deletion of genetic material  

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Tips Tricks for Graphing!

• Identify the variables to be graphed
• - Independent Variable Dependent Variable
• Determine the scale of the axes
• - Determine each axis individually
• Plot Data
• Connect the Data Points
• Provide a Title

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Graphing Practice!
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Part C Short Answer Response

• Read the question CAREFULLY SLOWLY
• Identify what the question is asking!
• Pay attention to the bullets!
• Answer the bulleted statements in your response.
• When finished with your answer proof it before
  you move on!
• Questions can be on various subjects scientific
  method, body systems, human impact, etc.

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Question Time

• Plants respond to their environment in many
• different ways. Design an experiment to test the
• effects of one environmental factor, chosen from
  the
• list below, on plant growth.
• Acidity of precipitation
• Temperature
• Amount of water
• In your answer, be sure to
• identify the environmental factor you chose
• state one hypothesis the experiment would test
  1
• state how the control group would be treated
  differently from the experimental group 1
• state two factors that must be kept the same
  in both the experimental and control groups 1
• identify the independent variable in the
  experiment 1
• label the columns on the data table below for
  the collection of data in your experiment 1

• Environmental factor ____________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• ______________________________
• Data Table

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Another Question!

• Base your answers to questions 65 through 67 on
  the information below
• and on your knowledge of biology. Vaccines play
  an important role in the ability
• of the body to resist certain diseases.
• 65) Describe the contents of a vaccine. 1
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• 66) Identify the system in the body that is most
  directly affected by a
• vaccination.1
• ________________________________________
• 67) Explain how a vaccination results in the
  long-term ability of the body to
• resist disease. 1
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________

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One More for Practice!

• Humans have many interactions with
• the environment. Briefly describe how
• human activities can affect the
• environment of organisms living 50
• years from now. In your answer, be
• sure to
• identify one human activity that could release
  chemicals harmful to the environment 1
• identify the chemical released by the activity
  1
• state one effect the release of this chemical
  would most likely have on future ecosystems 1
• state one way in which humans can reduce the
  production of this chemical to lessen its effect
  on future ecosystems 1

• _________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______________________________________

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Part D State Lab Questions

• Beak of Finches State Lab
• Key Terms Variation, Natural Selection,
  Adaptations, Competition, Struggle for Survival
  and Selecting Agent
• Key Points
• - Species Evolve over Time.
• - Some Characteristics/ Variations give
  individuals an advantage over others. Better
  adapted individuals are more likely to survive
  and reproduce.
• - Variation can be caused by mutations, genetic
  recombination
• - Variation within a population increases the
  survival rate of the species when environmental
  changes occur.

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Beaks of Finches

• Identify one bird that would most
• likely compete for food with the
• large tree finch. Support your
• answer.________________________
• __________________________________
• Identify one trait, other than beak
• characteristics, that would contribute to the
• survival of a finch species and state
• one way this trait contributes to
• the success of this species.
• _________________________________
• _________________________________

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Biodiversity Lab

• Key Terms Biodiversity, Gel Electrophoresis,
  DNA, RNA, Amino Acids, Chromatography
• Key Points
• - Biodiversity Increases the Stability of
  Ecosystems
• - Biodiversity has benefits to mankind new
  medicine, food sources
• Key Techniques
• - Chromatography
• - Gel Electrophoresis
• - Translating Amino Acids

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Question Time Use the Genetic Code Chart to Fill
in the Missing Parts
According to these amino acid sequences, why are
species C and D the most closely
related? ____________________________________
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DNA Electrophoresis

• 2) This laboratory technique is known
• as
• (1) gel electrophoresis
• (2) DNA replication
• (3) protein synthesis
• (4) genetic recombination
• 3) State one specific way the results
• of this laboratory technique could be
• used. 1
• ______________________________

• 1) This technique used to analyze DNA directly
  results in
• synthesizing large fragments of DNA
• (2) separating DNA fragments on the basis of
• size
• (3) producing genetically engineered DNA
• Molecules
• (4) removing the larger DNA fragments from the
• samples

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Diffusion Through a Membrane

• Key Terms Diffusion, Osmosis, Selectively
  Permeable, Cell Membrane
• Key Points Part 1
• - Molecules tend to move from areas of high
  concentration to low. (Diffusion)
• - Membranes allow certain materials to pass
  through (Selectively Permeable)
• - Indicators are used to show the presence of
  certain materials

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Diffusion Through a Membrane

• Key Points Part 2
• - You observed basic parts of an onion cell
• - Osmosis is the term used to describe the
  diffusion of water molecules

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Diffusion Through a Membrane

• When salt water is added, the cytoplasm and cell
  membrane shrivels and becomes darker in color
  inside the cell wall. This is due to the water
  leaving the cell.
• When distilled water is added, the cytoplasm and
  cell membrane swell back up to fill the entire
  space. Also, the cytoplasm lightens in color.
  This is due to water entering the cell.

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Question Time
The table below summarizes the content and
appearance of the cell model and beaker after 20
minutes.

• A model of a cell is prepared and placed in
• A beaker of fluid as shown in the
• diagram below. The letters A, B, and C
• represent substances in the initial
• experimental setup

• .

Supply the information needed to complete
the table below which summarizes a change
in location of substance C in the
experimental setup
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More Questions

• Base your answer to this question on the diagram
  below and on your knowledge of
• biology. The diagram illustrates what happens
  when a particular solution is added to a
• wet-mount slide containing red onion cells being
  observed using a compound light
• microscope.
• Identify a process that caused the change in the
  cells.
• __________________________________________________
  ____________________

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Making Connections

• Key Vocabulary Observation, Pulse Rate, Muscle
  Fatigue, Controlled Experiment
• Key Points
• - Part A Finding the Pulse Rate Creating a
  Histogram of Class Results.
• - Part A2 How does Fatigue Affect Muscle
  Performance?
• - Part B Investigating Claims Designing an
  Experiment

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Practice Questions

• The data table below compares blood flow in
  various human body structures, both at rest
• and during strenuous exercise.

Select one structure from the data table and
write its name in the space below. Explain one
way that the change in the rate of blood flow in
this structure helps maintain homeostasis during
exercise. Structure ______________________________
__________________________________________________
____________________________________
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More Questions

• Students were asked to determine if they could
  squeeze a clothespin more
• times in a minute after resting than after
  exercising. An experiment that
• accurately tests this question should include all
  of the following except
• (1) a hypothesis on which to base the design of
  the experiment
• (2) a large number of students
• (3) two sets of clothespins, one that is easy to
  open and one that is more
• difficult to open
• (4) a control group and an experimental group
  with equal numbers of students
• of approximately the same age

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More Practice!

• Which statement best describes a change that
  usually takes place in
• the human body when the heart rate increases as a
  result of exercise?
• (1) More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells.
• (2) Blood cells are excreted at a faster rate.
• (3) The rate of digestion increases.
• (4) No hormones are produced.

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Remember

• Be Prepared!
• Take Your Time!
• Read the Questions Carefully!
• Be Confident!

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