Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

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Chapter 9

• Multimedia Devices and Mass Storage

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You Will Learn

• How multimedia works on a PC
• About multimedia devices such as sound cards,
  digital cameras, and MP3 players
• About optical storage technologies such as CD and
  DVD
• How certain hardware devices are used for backups
  and fault tolerance

continued
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You Will Learn

• How to install multimedia and mass storage
  components
• How to troubleshoot multimedia and mass storage
  components

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Multimedia on a PC

• Goal
• To create or reproduce lifelike representations
  of sight and sound
• Challenge
• Data storage is digital
• Sights and sounds are analog

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CPU Technologies for Multimedia

• MMX, SSE, and 3DNow!
• Improve speed of processing graphics, video, and
  sound
• Use improved methods of handling high-volume
  repetition during I/O operations
• Software must be written to use the specific
  capabilities

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Multimedia Devices

• Sound cards
• Record sound, save it to a file on hard drive,
  play it back
• Externally attached devices
• Digital cameras
• MP3 players

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Sound Cards

• Stages of computerized sound
• Digitize or input sound (sampling)
• Store digital data in compressed data file
• Reproduce or synthesize sound (digital to analog)

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Sound Card Manufacturers
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Installing a Sound Card

• Physical installation of the card
• Installation of sound card driver
• Installation of sound applications software

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Installing a Sound Card
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Digital Cameras

• Use light sensors to detect light and convert it
  to a digital signal stored in an image file using
  JPEG format
• TWAIN
• Standard format used by digital cameras and
  scanners for transferring images

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A Flash RAM Card
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Digital Camera Manufacturers
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MP3 Player

• A device that plays MP3 files (a version of MPEG
  compression)
• Compression methods used with MP3 players
• How MP3 players work
• Play MP3 files downloaded from a PC, using
  internal memory and flash storage devices

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MP3 Player Manufacturers
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Video Capture Card

• Captures input from a camcorder or directly from
  TV
• Features to look for
• IEEE 1394 (FireWire) port
• Data transfer rates
• Capture resolution and color-depth capabilities
• Ability to transfer data back to digital
  camcorder or VCR
• Stereo audio jacks
• Video-editing software

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Video Capture Card Manufacturers
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Optical Storage Technology

• Patterns of tiny pits on disc surface represent
  bits, which are readable by a laser beam
• Major optical storage technologies
• CD-ROM
• CD-R and CD-RW
• DVD

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CD-ROM

• Read-only data physically embedded into disc
  surface
• Combines constant linear velocity (CLV) and
  constant angular velocity (CAV)

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CD-ROM Drive Manufacturers
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CD-ROMs

• Caring for CD-ROM drives and discs
• Data written only to bottom of CD-ROM
• Use precautions when handling
• CD-ROM drive interface with motherboard
• IDE interface (most common)
• SCSI interface
• Proprietary expansion card
• Proprietary connection on sound card
• Portable drive plug into external port on PC

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Installing a CD-ROM Drive
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CD-R and CD-RW

• CD-R (CD-recordable)
• Enables burning your own CDs
• Cannot edit or overwrite
• CD-RW (CD-rewritable)
• Allows overwriting old data with new data

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DVD (Digital Video Disc)

• Storage capacity
• 8.5 GB (one side)
• 17 GB (both sides)
• Uses Universal Disk Format (UDF) file system
• Uses accompanying decoder card to decode
  MPEG-compressed video data and Dolby AC-3
  compressed audio

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DVD
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DVD Devices
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DVD Drive Manufacturers
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Installing a DVD Drive
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Installing a DVD Drive
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Installing a DVD Drive
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Installing a DVD Drive
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Installing a DVD Drive
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Installing a DVD Drive
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Hardware Used for Backups and Fault Tolerance

• Standalone PCs or small servers
• Tape, Zip, and Jaz drives
• Read-write CDs
• Business environment with PC connected to file
  server
• Back up data to file server

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Tape Drives

• Advantages
• Inexpensive and convenient
• Large capacity
• Several types and formats
• Disadvantage
• Sequential access

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Tape Drive Manufacturers
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How a Tape Drive Interfaces With a Computer

• External
• Parallel port
• Internal
• IDE ATAPI interface
• External or internal
• SCSI bus
• Proprietary controller card or floppy drive
  interface

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External Drive UsingParallel Port
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Internal Drive UsingATAPI IDE Tape Drive
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Tapes Used by a Tape Drive

• Full-sized data cartridges
• Minicartridges

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Tape Drive Standards
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Tape Formats and Tape Types

• Quarter-Inch Committee (QIC) or quarter-inch
  cartridge standards

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Removable Drives

• Increase overall storage capacity of a system
• Easy to move large files from one computer to
  another
• Convenient medium for making backups of hard
  drive data
• Easy to secure important files

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Types of Removable Drives

• Zip
• SuperDisk
• Jaz

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Removable Drives

• Considerations
• Drop height
• Half-life
• Installing a removable drive

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RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

• Improves performance and/or automatically
  recovers from a failure
• Mirrors data stored on a hard disk
• Increases hard drive capacity by making more than
  one hard drive work as a single virtual drive

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Common RAID Levels
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RAID 4
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Windows Support for RAID
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Troubleshooting Guidelines

• Do not touch chips on circuit boards or disk
  surfaces where data is stored
• Do not stack components on top of one another
• Do not subject them to magnetic fields or ESD

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Problems with CD-ROM orDVD Installation

• Computer does not recognize the drive (no drive D
  listed in Windows 9x Explorer)

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Troubleshooting Sound Problems

• Problem with sound card itself
• Result of system settings
• Bad connections

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Troubleshooting Tape Drives

• A minicartridge does not work
• Data transfer is slow
• Drive does not work after installation
• Drive fails intermittently or gives errors

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Chapter Summary

• Multimedia devices
• What they can do
• How they work
• How to support them
• Storage devices installation and troubleshooting
• CD
• DVD
• Removable drives
• Tape drives