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Human factors issues

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Ammunition and fireworks. Waste and refuse transport ... Market-effect; intake of new EU states and other former East European states ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Human factors issues


1
Human factors issues
  • A discussion on selected topics
  • Rob Methorst
  • September 27, 2007

2
Outline
  • Introduction
  • Systems approach to Vulnerable Road Users
  • Safety Culture in Hazardous Goods Transport
  • Sustainable Road Safety an update

3
Systems approach to Vulnerable Road Users
  • Issue and reason
  • VRU accidents do not follow trends
  • Neglected issue in research
  • Ageing of the population expected mobility
    restraints and higher risks
  • Hidden single accidents (70 of VRU victims (
    40 of all travel victims ER))
  • Activities
  • 2003 report Vulnerable Road Users
  • policy development Vulnerable Road Users,
    particularly re. bicyclist
  • COST 358 Pedestrians Quality Needs
  • Focus on mobility needs, including safety
  • 6 Main elements

4
Vulnerable Road Users Pizza model

5
Vulnerable Road Users - TRIPOD
  • The developers (Prof. Wagenaar) dog had only 3
    legs and was called Driepoot(English Tripod)

6
Vulnerable Road Users - perspectives
  • Functional perspective
  • usage value, what is being offered intrinsic
    quality supply, looking at the system from the
    head
  • 2. Perception perspective
  • what is being requested subjective quality
    demand, looking at the system from the heart,
    including attitudes towards and of pedestrians.
  • 3. Durability and Future Prospects
  • whilst 1 and 2 are static quality
    descriptions, 3 refers to a dynamic
    perspective. Durability is, like user value and
    perception value, a relative value and depends on
    current qualities, future social values and
    future use of the physical environment and
    transport system.

7
Vulnerable road users Hierarchy of needs

8
Vulnerable Road Users Universal Design

9
Vulnerable Road Users Cascade approach

10
Vulnerable Road Users - Discussion
  • What are ideas regarding making the principles
    operational?
  • What views and experiences are there in the USA
    regarding systems approach?

11
Safety Culture in Hazardous Goods Transport
  • Issue feasibility of implementation of Safety
    Care Systems in the Hazardous Goods Transport
    industry.
  • Reason pursuit of continuous improvement of
    safety as part of the Dutch policy note on HGT
    catastrophic nature of accidents
  • Current situation divers market situation
    overall relatively safe
  • Pre-conditioning for measures not yet favourable
  • Policy scenarios
  • Education, communication and enforcement
  • Using market mechanisms

12
Safety Culture in HGT divers market
  • The market
  • International character
  • Many different players
  • shippers (interests, imago)
  • large, medium sized and small transport firms
    (cost control, options for implementing SC)
  • mixed and specialised transporters
  • rogue drivers and firms from the formal East
    Block
  • Charters
  • Many different products and clients
  • industrial chemicals
  • Gasses
  • Fuel distribution
  • Ammunition and fireworks
  • Waste and refuse transport
  • Specialised transport vehicles and
    containerization

13
Safety Culture in HGT current situation
  • Hardly any serious accidents, but clearly a
    public fear - political item.
  • Hazardous Goods Traffic is very divers and
    relatively safe. Main distinction
  • long distance bulk transport, medium and large
    firms good safety record
  • Distribution small firms questionable safety
    record
  • Chemical industry (mainly petrochemicals)
    regulate transport safety
  • Distribution market parties are not interested in
    implementing Safety Culture

14
Safety Culture in HGT - trends
  • Trends in Europe and NL
  • Internationalisation
  • Common Market-effect intake of new EU states and
    other former East European states
  • Outsourcing to cheap foreign drivers and small
    companies
  • Containerisation
  • Development of strong containers for fluids and
    gasses
  • Less special demand on driver/transporter skills
    and education
  • Fragmentation
  • Outsourcing transport by shippers
  • Outsourcing transport to former employees

15
Safety Culture in HGT towards implementation
  • Pre-conditioning for measures
  • Vehicle requirements
  • License system
  • Liability transfer insurance resolutive
    conditions
  • Policy scenarios
  • there is something for everybody problem
    awareness analysis quick wins tailored
    solutions building on current safety care
    communition and education.
  • Market scenario market mechanism incentives
    flanking policy bonus/malus integrated

16
Safety Culture - Discussion
  • Small companies inherently more unsafe?
  • Is outsourcing controllable?
  • What real options are there to implement Safety
    Management?

17
Sustainable Road Safety an update
  • Reason
  • ambitious targets limitation of traditional
    approaches re. achievements
  • Man is measure of things
  • Prevention is better than a curative approach
  • Road classification
  • Integrated policies
  • Safety principles
  • See website www.sustainablesafety.nl

18
Sustainable Road Safety human centred
  • Man is measure of things
  • environment (road, vehicle) should conform to
    what humans are capable of and provide protection
  • humans should be properly instructed to prepare
    them for safe behaviour
  • Humans should eventually be supervised to see
  • whether they are safe road users

19
Sustainable Road Safety focus on prevention
  • Primary preventive approach
  • System approach, but focussed on safety
  • Prevention of latent errors that can lead to
    dangerous behaviour and ultimately crashes
  • Application of 5 safety principles (? 2 new)
  • Decentralisation of responsibilities and
    implementation
  • Supervision and inspection

20
Sustainable Safety - principles
  • Functionality of roads
  • Roads should either flow (flow roads) or provide
    access (access roads) and are connected by
    distributor roads
  • Homogeneity of masses and/or speed and direction
  • Vehicles that differ too much in mass or speed
    and that use the same space should be physically
    separated from each other
  • Predictability/ recognizability
  • Layout of road and predictability of road course
    and road behaviour self explaining roads,
    vehicles and human behaviour
  • Forgivingness
  • Accidents should not lead to (severe) injury of
    death
  • State awareness
  • capability or possibility of road users
    estimating own task competency correctly every
    road users should know what his skills are and
    act accordingly

21
Sustainable Safety effects and lessons
  • Since introduction many improvements
  • Road classification
  • Traffic Calming gt 50 of urban roads are 30 km/h
  • Roundabouts on distributor roads
  • Moped from cycle paths to carriage way
  • Shared responsibility National Regional Local
    authorities
  • Enhanced law enforcement speeds, DUI, safety
    belt, bicycle lights
  • Impulse to traffic safety education
  • Too little focus on non-infrastructural aspects
    of the vision
  • Low cost implementation limits effectiveness

22
Sustainable Safety issues
  • Basic components
  • Infrastructure
  • Vehicles
  • Education
  • Legislation and law enforcement
  • Special issues
  • Speed management
  • Drink-and-drug driving
  • Cyclists and pedestrians
  • Motorized two-wheelers
  • Heavy Goods Vehicles

23
Sustainable Safety Light Rail example
  • Light rail a come-back in urban areas in EU
  • Risk
  • Level crossings
  • Relatively large mass
  • Silent vehicles
  • Evasive actions by light rail no option
  • Relatively low risk levels for cars,
  • but VRU meet high fatality risk levels
  • (bike 30x, pedestrian 40x)
  • Safety requirements
  • Preferably different levels crossing
  • If not possible
  • distributor road crossing only fully guarded
  • Property access roads guarded
  • If not possible Light Rail speeds less than 30
    km/h at level crossings

24
Sustainable Safety - Discussion
  • Second generation policies a bridge too far?
  • tackling current problems versus prevention can
    it all be done?
  • making safety principles operational?
  • preconditions for success?
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