IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES-KVOC ALLD.

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POWER POINT PRESENTATION SCIENCE SESSION
2015-16

• PRESENTED BYAVINASH MISHRA
• CLASSIX SECTIONA
• ROLL NO.47

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• IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD
  RESOURCES

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FOOD

• Food is any substance consumed to provide
  nutritional support for the body. It is usually
  of plant or animal origin, and contains essential
  nutrients, such as fats, proteins, vitamins, or
  minerals.

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SOURCES OF FOOD

• ANIMAL

• PLANT

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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

• Sustainable agriculture is the act of farming
  using principles of ecology, the study of
  relationships between organisms and their
  environment. It has been defined as "an
  integrated system of plant and animal production
  practices having a site-specific application that
  will last over the long term

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ADVANTAGES OF SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE

• Contributes to environmental conservation.
• Prevents pollution
• Reduction in cost.
• Biodiversity.
• Beneficial for animals.
• Economically beneficial for farmers.
• Social equality.
• Beneficial for environment.

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ORGANIC FARMING

• Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock
  production that involves much more than choosing
  not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically
  modified organisms, antibiotics and growth
  hormones.

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ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FARMING

• Lower Growing Cost
• Enhances Soil Nourishment
• Resistance to Disease and Pest
• Increased Drought Tolerance
• Environment-friendly Practices

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CROP PRODUCTION

• CROP A crop is any cultivated plant, fungus, or
  alga that is harvested for food, clothing,
  livestock fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other
  uses. In contrast, animals that are raised by
  humans are called livestock, except those that
  are kept as pets

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AGRICULTURE

• Agriculture is the cultivation of animals,
  plants, fungi, and other life forms for food,
  fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products used
  to sustain and enhance human life.

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KHARIF CROPS

• Kharif crops monsoon crops are domesticated
  plants cultivated and harvested during the rainy
  (monsoon) season in the South Asia, which lasts
  between April and October depending on the area.
  Their time period is from june-oct.Main kharif
  crops are millet and rice.

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RABI CROPS

• Rabi crops or Rabi harvest refers to agricultural
  crops sown in winter and harvested in the spring.
  The term is derived from the Arabic word for
  "spring", which is used in the Indian
  subcontinent. It is the spring harvest (also
  known as the "winter crop") in Indian
  subcontinent. There time period is from
  nov.-april.Ex-wheat,barley etc.

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CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

• Crop production management refers to the various
  processes applied toward the effective
  cultivation and harvesting of crops.

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NUTRIENTS MANAGAMENT

• Sixteen chemical elements are known to be
  important to a plant's growth and survival are
  called nutrients. Plants get these nutrients from
  air, water and soil.

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ESSENTIAL PLANTS NUTRIENTS
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MANUARES

• Manure is organic matter, mostly derived from
  animal feces except in the case of green manure,
  which can be used as organic fertilizer in
  agriculture. Manures contribute to the fertility
  of the soil by adding organic matter and
  nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are trapped by
  bacteria in the soil.

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COMPOST

• Compost is organic matter that has been
  decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil
  amendment. Compost is a key ingredient in organic
  farming.Itt is prepared from plants and animals
  refuse such asexcreta ,faecal matter etc.

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VERMICOMPOSTING

• Vermicompost is the product or process of
  composting using various worms, usually red
  wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms to
  create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing
  vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and
  vermicast. Vermicast, also called worm castings,
  worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of
  the breakdown of organic matter by an earthworm

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FERTILISERS

• A fertilizer is any material of natural or
  synthetic origin (other than liming materials)
  that is applied to soils or to plant tissues
  (usually leaves) to supply one or more plant
  nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
• TYPES OF FERTILISERS
• Nitrogenous Phosphatic
• Potassic Complex

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IRRIGATION

• Irrigation is the artificial application of water
  to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the
  growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of
  landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils
  in dry areas and during periods of inadequate
  rainfall

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM

• Well Canal system
• Tanks River valley system

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CROPPING PATTERNS
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SOME IMPORTANT TERMS
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CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT
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CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT1) METHOD OF WEED
CONTROL

• MECHANICAL - EXAMPLES
• Uprooting
• Ploughing
• Burning etc.

• CULTURAL - EXAMPLES
• Proper bed preparation
• Intercropping
• Crop rotation etc.

• CHEMICAL - EXAMPLES
• Herbicides Weedicides. Ex.
• 2,4-D
• Atrazine

• BIOLOGICAL - EXAMPLES
• Use of insects and some other organisms

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2) INSECT-PEST CONTROL

• Root cutting types of insects are controlled by
  mixing insecticides e.g.chloropyriphos.
• Stem and leaf cutting and boring type of insects
  are controlled by dusting or spraying contact
  insecticides e.g.lindane.
• All sap sucking insects can be controlled by
  spraying insecticides e.g.dimethoate.

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STORAGE OF GRAINS

• The importance of grain storage as part of the
  marketing, distribution and food security system
  is well recognized. In 1978, following the
  resolution of the UN General Assembly which
  called for the reduction of post-harvest losses,
  FAO launched the Special Action Programme for
  Prevention of Food Losses (PFL). Since then more
  than 250 projects have been implemented worldwide
  under this programme. During recent years, as a
  result of privatization and liberalization of
  trade, the organization and management of grain
  storage has changed in many developing countries.
  

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METHODS OF STORING GRAINS
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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

• It is the management and care of farm animals by
  humans for profit, in which genetic qualities and
  behavior, considered to be advantageous to
  humans, are further developed. The term can refer
  to the practice of selectively breeding and
  raising livestock to promote desirable traits in
  animals for utility, sport, pleasure, or
  research.

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CATTLE FARMING

• Cattle farming can be used to obtain milk, a
  constant food source, although cattle can later
  be slaughtered for meat if necessary. As of the
  1.26 update, having bulls around your house can
  also reduce the amount of aggressive animals you
  awake to.

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CATTLE BREEDS
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BUFFALOES BREEDS
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DISEASE OF CATTLE AND BUFFALOES
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  POULTRY FARMING

• Poultry farming is the raising of domesticated
  birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese,
  for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food.
  Poultry are farmed in great numbers with chickens
  being the most numerous. More than 50 billion
  chickens are raised annually as a source of food,
  for both their meat and their eggs.1 Chickens
  raised for eggs are usually called layers while
  chickens raised for meat are often called
  broilers

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BROILERS LAYERS

• Broilers
• gt The term broiler is applied to chicks that
  have especially been bred for rapid growth.
• Layers
• gt Layers are efficient egg producers, breeds
  used for egg production in the industrial
  production system

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  SPECIFIC POULTRY DISEASE
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FISH FARMING

• Fish farming or pisciculture is the principal
  form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall
  under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising
  fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually
  for food.
• FISHERIES
• Generally, a fishery is an entity engaged in
  raising or harvesting fish which is determined by
  some authority to be a fishery.

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BEE KEEPING

• Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis
  "bee") is the maintenance of honey bee colonies,
  commonly in hives, by humans to get honey for
  vitamins,wax for cosmetics,propolis for repairing
  and fastening and poisons for medicines.

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