Automatic Railway Gate Control System by using Android Remote Control

1
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
2
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Introduction

• The project is designed to achieve control over
  the railway level crossing gate through Android
  Application by the station master. Opening and
  closing of railway level crossing gate involves
  manpower, which could be often erroneous leading
  to accidents. The proposed system rules out the
  need of any human involvement at the railway
  level crossing. This system involves opening and
  closing of the level crossing gate with help of
  an Android Application Device.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
3
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Block Diagram
http//www.edgefxkits.com/
4
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Hardware Requirements

• 8051 series Microcontroller
• Bluetooth device
• Crystal
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Diodes
• Transformer
• Voltage Regulator
• LED
• DC Motor
• Motor Driver IC

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
5
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Software Requirements

• Keil compiler
• Languages Embedded C or Assembly

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
6
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Micro Controller

• It is a smaller computer
• Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
7
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Internal structure of a micro controller-at89s52/5
1
http//www.edgefxkits.com/
8
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Arduino

• Microcontroller based on ATmega328
• 5V Operating Voltage
• Input Voltage 7 -12V
• 14 Digital I/O Pins
• 32 kB Flash Memory
• 1 kB EEPROM
• 16 MHz Clock Speed

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
9
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
IR Sensor

• Emits infrared signal and detect the reflection.
• Output goes low when signal is received.
• This serves as the input to the Arduino.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
10
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
DC Motor

• Has stations sets of magnets in the stator.
• Works on attraction and repulsion of magnets.
• Direction of magnetic field can be changed by
  changing direction of current.
• Speed of motor can be changed by changing voltage
  applied to the armature.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
11
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
L293D motor Driver

• L293D IC generally comes as a standard 16-pin DIP
  (dual-in line package).
• This motor driver IC can simultaneously control
  two small motors in either direction forward and
  reverse with just 4 microcontroller pins (if you
  do not use enable pins).

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
12
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
555 IC

• This IC is a monolithic timing circuit that is a
  highly stable controller capable of producing
  accurate time delays or oscillations.
• This integrated circuit contains nearly 25
  transistor, a diode or two, and more than 10
  resistors.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
13
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Android

• Android is an open-source operating system which
  means that any manufacturer can use it in their
  phones free of charge.
• It was built to be truly open. For example, an
  application can call upon any of the phones core
  functionality.
• Such as making calls, sending text messages, or
  using the camera. 

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
14
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Android Application Operated Bluetooth

• The Android platform includes support for the
  Bluetooth network stack, which allows a device to
  wirelessly exchange data with other Bluetooth
  devices.
• The application framework provides access to the
  Bluetooth functionality through the Android
  Bluetooth APIs.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
15
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Working Principle

• By employing the automatic railway gate control
  at the level crossing.
• The arrival of train is detected by the sensor
  placed on either side of the gate at about 5km
  from the level crossing.
• All signals are made RED initially to indicate
  that gate is open and vehicles are passing
  through the gate.
• Detection of a train approaching the gate can be
  sensed by means of sensors R1 and R2 placed on
  either side of the gate.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
16
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Working Principle

• Once the train arrival is sensed, the sensed
  signal is sent to the microcontroller.
• It checks for possible presence of vehicle
  between the gates, again using sensors.
• At the moment the train arrival is sensed on
  either side of the gate.
• Road users are warned about the train approach by
  Buzzer.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
17
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Working Principle

• Once the train arrival is sensed, the sensed
  signal is sent to the microcontroller .
• It checks for possible presence of vehicle
  between the gates, again using sensors.
• At the moment the train arrival is sensed on
  either side of the gate.
• Road users are warned about the train approach by
  Buzzer.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
18
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Working Principle

• Buzzer indication and light signals on either
  side are provided to the road users indicating
  the closure of gates.
• Once, no vehicle is sensed in between the gate
  the motor is activated and the gates are closed.
• For the worst case if any obstacle is sensed, it
  is indicated to the train driver by signals (RED)
  placed at about 4km.
• So as to bring it to halt well before the level
  crossing.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
19
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Working Principle

• A Bluetooth device is interfaced with the system.
  
• When the station master sent command to close
  from the Android application device to the
  Bluetooth device
• Which while fed to the microcontroller,  sends an
  output signal which activates a mechanism to
  switch on the motor to close the gate.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
20
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Working Principle

• When no obstacle is sensed GREEN light is
  indicated .
• The train is to free to move.
• Train departure sensing is done by sensors R2
  respectively considering the directions of train
  approach.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
21
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Level Crossing

• Place where a railway and a road, or two railway
  lines, cross at the same level
• Called Grade Crossing in North America
• Early level crossings had a flagman in a nearby
  booth who would, on the approach of a train, wave
  a red flag or lantern to stop all traffic and
  clear the tracks
• Manual or electrical closable gates that
  barricaded the roadway were later introduced,
  intended to be a complete barrier against
  intrusion of any road traffic onto the railway.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
22
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Protection at Intersections

• All rail or road intersections are provided with
  either passive or active protection.
• Passive
• Application of passive traffic control devices
  (signage) which provides an unchanging warning to
  the road user whether or not a train is
  approaching the crossing.
• Active
• Application of warning devices to warn road users
  of the approach of a train when the train is a
  minimum time from entering the road-rail
  intersection.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
23
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
IR Circuits

• This circuit has two stages
• IR Transmitter
• The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED
  and its associated circuitry.
• The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in
  the transmitting unit.
• Infrared LED is driven through transistor.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
24
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
IR Circuits

• IR Receiver
• The receiver unit consists of a sensor and its
  associated circuitry.
• In receiver section, the first part is a sensor.
• It detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
25
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
IR Circuits

• Whenever a train crosses the sensor.
• the output of IR sensor momentarily transits
  through a low state.
• As a result the mono stable is triggered.
• A short pulse is applied to the port pin of the
  microcontroller.
• On receiving a pulse from the sensor circuit.
• The controller activates the circuitry required
  for closing and opening of the gates and for
  track switching.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
26
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Advantages

• Prevention of accidents inside the gate.
• Reliable machine, which operates the railway gate
  even without gatekeeper which makes it useful for
  operation at unmanned crossings.
• Battery which is charged by means of a solar cell
  can be used in remote areas where the power
  supply cant be expected.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
27
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Disadvantages

• To establish the entire network it is quite a
  costly task.
• Since these are the issues of the government cost
  doesnt matter a lot.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
28
Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
Android
Conclusion

• Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by
  Android Project was designed and Implemented.
  This project can be enhanced using android
  application device for remote operation. When the
  robot faces a fire then it extinguishes fire with
  the help of pump motor connected to a water tank
  mounted on its body.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
29
http//www.edgefxkits.com/