Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
General background Modes of transmission Course
of infection Immune responses Antiviral
treatments
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About 14,000 new HIV infections a day in 2002

• More than 95 in developing countries
• 2,000 in children under 15 years of age
• About 12,000 in persons aged 15 to 49 years, of
  whom
• almost 50 women
• about 50 1524 year olds
• 8,000 deaths per day

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Routes of transmission

• HIV cannot be transmitted by casual contact!
• Main routes of transmission-
• Sexual contact with infected person
• Sharing needles/syringes with infected person
• Fetal transmission or through nursing
• Blood transfusion

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Routes of transmission
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Routes of transmission
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Kinetics of HIV infection
Acute
Chronic
Weeks
Years
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Course of Infection
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Course of Infection
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Immune responses to HIV infection
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Immune responses to HIV infection
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Anti-retroviral therapies

• 4 classes
• nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase
  inhibitors (NRTIs)
• nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  (NNRTIs)
• protease inhibitors (PIs)
• fusion inhibitors
• Problems
• Severe side effects
• Viral resistance
• Cost!!!!!!!!

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Whats next?

• Novel vaccines
• Education/prevention
• Facilitate antiviral treatments