Diversity in digital libraries

1
Diversity in digital libraries
Related types, institutions, forms
2
ToC

• Note on diversity
• Examples of
• National libraries
• Academic libraries
• Public libraries
• Borne digital libraries
• Museums

• Subject resources
• Societies, organizations
• Books on the Web
• Archiving the Web
• Conclusions

3
Diversity?

• Digital libraries come not only from libraries
  (academic, public, national ), but from many
  other institutions subjects not at all
  connected with a given library (academic, public,
  national )
• Many shapes, forms
• Variety of context content
• many specific subject oriented
• Most importantly Used by a variety of users
  for a variety of uses

4
But are they DLibs?

• Question could be asked but are they ALL digital
  libraries?
• Or are they just portals because they cover and
  organize digital resources?
• when is a portal (links, ecatalog) also a digital
  library?
• A broad view if they are organized used for
  accessing information resources why not consider
  them DLibs?
• users do not care what they are called or how are
  they classified

5
National libraries - US

• Library of Congress
• American Memory Project
• historical materials no. of sites
• Of course, there is a LoC Blog
• Digital Libraries Federation
• not a national library, but took over from LoC
  many functions of the National Digital Library
  that was at LoC

• National Library of Medicine
• National Agricultural Library
• National Archives

6
National libraries - global

• National Library of New Zealand
• several demonstration collections in various
  fields
• free DLib software they developed
• The National Library of China
• National Library of Singapore
• Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) not a national
  library, but close
• Biblioteca National (Mexico)
• African Online Digital Library international
  undertaking, work in progress
• National University Library Croatia
• includes Digital Heritage

• The European Library
• Search through resources of European National
  Libraries
• Europeana
• cultural collections of Europe
• Die Deutsche Bibliothek
• Bibliothèque Nationale de France
• includes Gallica digital library
• The British Library
• includes Turning the Pages
• Vatican Library
• includes Vatican Secret Archives

7
Academic libraries

• California Digital Library
• unifies all libraries in UofC system
• Univ of Michigan
• Harvard Univ Library
• system of over 80 libraries
• open access to digital collections
• Univ of Utah
• also houses Ski Archive
• University of Wisconsin Digital Collections

• Cambridge University Library
• includes Open Access movement
• Oxford University,
• also houses Bodleian Library
• with unique historical collections
• browse further through LibWeb

8
Public libraries

• International
• Toronto Public Library
• including Virtual Reference Library
• Aarhus Public Libraries (Denmark)
• City of Swan Libraries (Australia)

• US
• New York Public Library
• many research collections branch libraries
  includes Digital Gallery
• Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Library System
• including KidClicks
• Montclair Public Library
• including link to Listen NJ
• Los Angeles Public Library e.g. check databases
  available, photocollection or TeenWeb

9
Borne digital

• Libraries emerging only on the Web
• Virtual Library
• Switzerland, US, UK other countries oldest
  virtual library on the Web
• Internet Public Library hosted at Drexel -
  merged with Librarians' Internet Index (LII).
•  Academic Info Digital Library
• many links to digital collections resources in
  various subjects

• Ibiblio
• U North Carolina
• the largest "collections of collections" on the
  Internet
• Publics library and digital archive
• International Children's Digital Library
• among others, read children books in great many
  languages

10
Museums

• Museum of online museums
• a delight
• The State Hermitage Museum
• One of the greatest museums in the world, and one
  of the best museum site developed with IBM help
  take a virtual tour
• National Museum of Science and Technology
  Leonardo da Vinci

• MuseumStuff.com
• We have 1000's of museums, zoos, historical
  societies and related organizations in our
  database
• Muzej Grada Splita
• A number of collections
• Arheoloski Muzej Zadar

11
Subject resources

• Many subject specific sites available
• new coming up all the time
• rich often unique coverage services
• different approaches requirements
• should they also be considered as DLibs?
• High use in their own subjects or for given tasks
• Most are independent of libraries
• many developed with government funding
• some clearly commercial
• Many lead to other subject resources

12
subject resources

• Humanities
• Perseus Digital Library Tufts University
• covers antiquity to renaissance one of the best
  subject sites on the web affected the whole
  field
• KIRKE - Katalog der Internetressourcen für die
  Klassische Philologie aus Berlin
• German a variety of resources for classics

• Diotima
• Materials for study of women and gender in the
  Ancient World
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• a comprehensive encyclopedia and library
• Abraham Lincoln Historic Digitization Project
• And of course
• at Cornell

13
subject resources

• Government, official
• U Mich Document Center
• official documents from all over the world
• US State Department
• about the U.S other countries
• FirstGov
• the US government official web portal
• Dag Hammarskjöld Library (UN)

• News
• New York Times article archive 1851 present
• Newspaper Archive
• the largest historical newspaper database
  online, contains tens of millions of newspaper
  pages from 1753 to present. Requires paid
  membership

14
subject resources

• Health
• WebMDHealth
• news, medical information
• Rxlist
• Internet Drug Index
• Mayo Clinic HealthOasis
• health advice
• Kidshealth
• sites for parents, kids, teens

• Science
• ArXiv Cornell U, National Science Foundation
• e-print service in the fields of physics,
  mathematics, computer science, quantitative
  biology
• Ocean Planet NASA
• presentation of earth its vast oceans
• Public Library of Science 
• advocacy of open access
• Encyclopedia of Life
• an ambitious project key info about life on
  earth in progress

15
subject resources

• Moving Images Collections
• MIC documents moving image collections around
  the world. Part particularly oriented toward
  science educators. Now at Library of Congress,
  but developed at Rutgers

• And, of course
• Snoopy
• The Official Peanuts Website

16
Societies, organizations

• Many societies, agencies developed their sites
• great many rich sources for searching resources
• differences in requirements, depth, richness
• major (sometimes only) access point to societal
  or subject literature

• Societal pages, but available through RUL
  (Indexes and databases)
• PsycINFO (psychological literature from the
  1800s to the present)
• Am Psychology Assoc
• ASIST Digital Library
• American Society for Information Science
  Technology
• ACM Portal Digital Library
• Association for Computing Machinery
• MLA International Bibliography
• Modern Language Association

17
Books on the Web

• Million Book Project
• digitizing books and providing free access
• Digital books Index
• ... provides links to more than 165,000
  full-text digital books from more than 1800
  commercial and non-commercial publishers,
  universities, and various private sites. More
  than 140,000 of these books, texts, and documents
  are available free.
• includes list of eBooks Libraries,
  Librarianship, Electronic Librarianship

• Google Books
• started with several universities, but
  mushroomed globally
• Project Gutenberg
• Project Gutenberg is the first and largest
  single collection of free electronic books, or
  eBooks.

18
Archiving the Web

• Web sites are highly unstable they disappear,
  change
• one of the worst feature of the Web
• digital dark ages
• Several projects try to archive the Web
• mammoth undertaking

• Internet Archive
• 85 billion Web pages archived
• Includes
• Wayback Machine
• on Internet Archive search for old versions of
  Web pages
• CyberCemetery
• permanent public access to the Web sites and
  publications of defunct U.S. government agencies
  and commissions.

19
Conclusion

• Wide and constantly increasing diversity of DLibs
  related collection portals suggests several
  issues
• traditional libraries are not traditional any
  more
• but come in many DLib forms
• many new players have entered the arena
• particularly in subject areas

20
conclusions

• Web companies libraries are joining hands
• in book digitization e.g. Google project
• in providing cataloging holdings information
• Some libraries are providing model DLibs
• e.g. LoC American Memory example copied widely
• But at the end most important is their usefulness

21
a few more fun examples

• Smithsonian 1996 campaign Web sites
• how presidential candidates and parties first
  used the Web.

• ASIST SIG/CON archive
• maintained by Candy Schwartz, Simmons College
• you can see her Digital Libraries course
  resources
• Humorous phases of funny faces
• from LoC a 1906 film

22
(No Transcript)