Waterpipe Tobacco Dependence In UK Male Adult Residents: A Cross Sectional Study

1
Waterpipe Tobacco Dependence In UK Male Adult
Residents A Cross Sectional Study

• Ali Al-Bakri, ali.albakri777_at_gmail.com
  
• Saba Kassim, s.kassim_at_qmul.ac.uk
  
• Mustafa alAbsi,
  malabsi_at_umn.edu
  
• Ray Croucher,
  ray.e.croucher_at_gmail.com
  
  

2
Introduction

• Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPTS) is getting
  popular in Europe (1)
• WPTS has common and unique dependency aspects (2)
  
• WPTS dependency can not be measured in
  traditional cigarette dependency tools (2,3)
• WPTS dependence amongst UK adults WPT smokers
  has not been assessed
• Few studies which lack validation and
  standardization
• (4)

3
Aims

• To assess, estimate and identify factors
  associated with waterpipe tobacco dependence
  syndrome amongst UK male adult resident waterpipe
  smokers
• To evaluate the psychometric properties of the
  Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11), in
  measuring WPTS dependence amongst UK male adult
  resident WPT smokers

4
Methodology

• Cross sectional survey
• 7 shisha premises participated in central London
• Random time table,180 participants in 4 weeks
• Data were collected via face to face interview
• QMUL Research Ethics Committee approved the study
  
• Data analysis descriptive, chi square, uni and
  multivariate and psychometric analysis.

5
Questionnaire
6
Results Sample Background
Socio-demographic factors N ()
Age (Mean/SD 29.46/9.41 years) 180 (100)
Ethnicity Arab Asian White Black 106 (58.89) 27 (15.00) 26 (14.44) 21 (11.67)
Level of education Above completed secondary education Completed secondary education Below completed secondary education 97 (53.89) 55 (30.56) 28 (15.55)
7
Sample background (continued)
Aspects of WPTS N ()
Historic WPTS pattern Age/Yrs of WPTS initiation Smoked WPTS daily in the past   Mean 21.28 (SD 8.1) 94 (52.2)
Current WPTS pattern With others Alone Smoked flavored tobacco Did not Mix the water in the WP tank with other substances Duration 140 (77.8) 38 (21.1) 154 (85.6) 176 (97.8) Median (range) 1 (0.15-10) hours
8
Level of WPTS Dependence in the sample

• The mean/SD LWDS-11 score is 10.055.68
• 47 of participants were more likely WPTS
  dependent

9
Psychometric assessment of LWDS-11

• The Cronbachs alpha coefficient 0.74
• Two domains were identified
• physiological dependence
• positive and negative reinforcement

10
Factors associated with WPTS dependency
11
Model of factors associated with WPTS Dependency
Explanatory Variables Adjusted OR (95CI) P-value
Ethnicity White Arab Asian Black 1 2.63 (1.05-6.62) 1.71 (0.56-5.28) 1.79 (0.58-5.48) 0.040 0.350 0.309
Education Level High Intermediate low 1 1.40 (0.80-2.45) 1.26 (0.76-2.09) 0.236 0.370
Daily WPTS in the past No Yes 1 2.13 (1.30-3.49) 0.003
Last WPTS variables Duration WPTS with others WPTS alone 1.15 (1.00-1.32) 1 1.31 (0.80-2.15) 0.044 0.285
12
Discussion

• Of the participant 47 were WPT dependents
  confirming previous studies (5)
• Two domain of WPT dependence emerged ,
  contradicting other studies (3)
• The association of being from Arab ethnicity and
  being daily WPT dependence in past with current
  WPT dependence confirmed current literature
  (6,7,8,9,10)

13
Future research

• Investigating the WPTS dependency among female
  population
• Conducting LWDS-11 in different population to
  improve validity
• Biomarker validation of WPTS dependency

14
Conclusion

• level of WPTS dependence was significant in this
  sample and was associated with socio-behavioural
  factors
• The LWDS-11 was found useful in assessing WPTS
  dependency
• Future research to address gaps identified

15
References

• 1- MAZIAK, W. 2011. The global epidemic of
  waterpipe smoking. Addict Behav, 36, 1-5
• 2- MAZIAK, W., WARD, K. D. EISSENBERG, T.
  2004e. Factors related to frequency of narghile
  (waterpipe) use the first insights on tobacco
  dependence in narghile users. Drug Alcohol
  Depend, 76, 101-6.
• 3-SALAMEH, P., WAKED, M. AOUN, Z. 2008.
  Waterpipe smoking construction and validation of
  the Lebanon Waterpipe Dependence Scale (LWDS-11).
  Nicotine Tob Res, 10, 149-58.
• 4- Akl EA, Aleem S, Gunukula SK, Honeine R, Abou
  Jaoude P, Irani J. Survey instruments used in
  clinical and epidemiological research on
  waterpipe tobacco smoking a systematic review.
  BMC Public Health. 201010415
• 5-SALAMEH, P., KHAYAT, G. WAKED, M. 2012. Lower
  prevalence of cigarette and waterpipe smoking,
  but a higher risk of waterpipe dependence in
  Lebanese adult women than in men. Women Health,
  52, 135-50.
• 6- GREKIN, E. R. AYNA, D. 2008. Argileh use
  among college students in the United States an
  emerging trend. J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 69, 472-5.
• 7- JAMIL, H., TEMPLIN, T., FAKHOURI, M., RICE, V.
  H., KHOURI, R., FAKHOURI, H., AL-OMRAN, H.,
  AL-FAUORI, I. BAKER, O. 2009. Comparison of
  personal characteristics, tobacco use, and health
  states in Chaldean, Arab American, and non-Middle
  Eastern White adults. J Immigr Minor Health, 11,
  310-7.
• 8-JORDAN, H. M. DELNEVO, C. D. 2010. Emerging
  tobacco products hookah use among New Jersey
  youth. Prev Med, 51, 394-6.
• 9-Maziak, W., Rastam, S., Shihadeh, A. L., Bazzi,
  A., Ibrahim, I., Zaatari, G. S., . . .
  Eissenberg, T. (2011). Nicotine exposure in daily
  waterpipe smokers and its relation to puff
  topography. Addictive Behavior, 36(4), 397-399.
  doi S0306-4603(10)00334-5 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.1
  1.013.

16
Acknowledgment

• Special thanks for the BSTP for funding my
  participation
• The contribution of the owners of the shisha
  premises in the study is appreciated

17
Thank you for listening