Title: ANDREW JACKSON Champion of the Common Man or King Andrew?
1ANDREW JACKSONChampion of the Common Man or
King Andrew?
2Changes in Voting Requirements by 1828 Election
3Voter Turnout 1820 - 1860
KING CAUCUS!!
4JACKSON GETS REVENGEElection of 1828
- By the time of this election, the one party of
Republicans has divided into - National Republicans
- Democrats/Jacksonians/
- Jacksonian Democrats
- Electoral Vote
- Jackson, 178
- Adams, 83
- Jackson - S W
- Adams - NE
5JACKSON GETS REVENGEElection of 1828
- By the time of this election, the one party of
Republicans has divided into - National Republicans
- Democrats/Jacksonians/
- Jacksonian Democrats
- Electoral Vote
- Jackson, 178
- Adams, 83
- Jackson - S W
- Adams - NE
Mudslinging prominent!
6JACKSONIAN APPEAL
Coffin Handbill
Rachel
- War Hero, strong leader, passionate, intensely
patriotic, average but ideal - Fascinating personal history
- Rich landowner, slaveowner
7The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST
8The New Jackson Coalition
- The Planter Elite in the South
- People on the Frontier
- State Politicians spoils system
- Immigrants in the cities.
9JACKSONS FAITH INTHE COMMON MAN
- Intense distrust of Easternestablishment,
monopolies, special privilege. - His heart soul was with theplain folk.
- Belief that the common man was capable of
uncommon achievements.
10The Reign of King Mob
11President Jackson was known for opening up the
White House to visitors of all classes. His
inauguration party lasted for hours as throngs of
people from packed streets pushed into the White
House. This painting captures the rowdy scene
with its broken furniture and stifling crowd.
King Mob was so dangerous that Jackson had to
be taken out through a window and it took an
entire week to scrub and clean the White House
after the party.
12Increased Democratization
- White male suffrage increased
- Party nominating conventions.
- Spoils system.
- Rise of Third Parties.
- Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
etc.) - Two-party system returned in the 1832 election
- Dem-Reps ? Natl. Reps.(1828) ? Whigs
(1832) ? Republicans (1854) - Democrats (1828)
13Jacksonian Democracy
- Common people have more of a voice candidates
(Coonskin Congressmen) seek vote of ordinary
man - Elected officials expected to be responsive to
will of their constituents - SPOILS SYSTEM - a/k/a patronage
- Appointing party supporters to political office
- Rotation in office
- Common man can do any job Jackson distrusts
experts - Social political changes that led to the rise
of Jacksonian democracy - Disestablishment of churches
- Move to improve knowledge (free school/more
secondary) - More newspaper circulation
- Differences between Jacksonian democracy and
Jeffersonian democracy?
14KING ANDREW
His supporters viewed Jackson as a strong
President who represented the common people.
Critics denounced him as a would-be tyrant.
They called him King Andrew the First.
- Appeared in Whig newspaper
- This visual draws more interest than a printed
article would - During his first term
- Main Idea Jackson has unconstitutionally
expanded the power of the presidency
15King Andrew as President
- Uses veto more than 6 previous Ps COMBINED
- First to use pocket veto
- Relied on Kitchen Cabinet
- Opposed federal aid to local road building
projects Maysville Road Bill - In Clays state of KY
- Jeffersonian in his view of a limited national
government - Poor administrator penny-pincher
16The Nullification IssueCalhouns Nullification
Theory
- Calhoun claimed that the Union had not been
formed by the people, but by people representing
States. - This meant that a state was sovereign, not the
national government. - The states were the units which formed the
compact (union), thus the states could withdraw
from that compact (the union) if they so desired. - Calhoun also said that a state could declare an
act of the federal government null and void
within that state's borders.
17The Nullification Issue Webster-Hayne
Debate Prime Reflection of Sectional Conflict
Western Land Policy 9 Day Debate! 1830
Sen. Robert Hayne SC
Sen. Daniel WebsterMA
- Allies with West
- Condemns NE for ?
- Supports?
18 Webster Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable. .nothing more
than a rope of sand. Impact of Websters
oratory in the N?
JEFFERSON DAY BANQUET Jackson Our Federal
Unionit must be preserved.
Calhoun The Union, next to our liberty, most
dear.
So is Jackson a nationalist or a states
rightist?
19The Peggy Eaton Affair
Another cause of The split between P Jackson and
VP Calhoun. Calhoun resigns
20THE TARIFF ISSUE
- Tariff of 1824 had raised rates from 23 to 37
- Tariff of 1828 increased some rates to 45
- Protested as the Tariff of Abominations
- SC protest Calhouns SC Exposition and
Protest - Theory of nullification reborn
- Protection against the tyranny of the majority
- Tariff of 1832 passed
- SC passes Ordinance of Nullification seems to
be only solution to solve both protective tariff
issue impending problem of abolition of slavery - Jackson issues Proclamation to People of SC
- Defines nullification as treason
- No defiance of federal law will be permitted!
- Threatens force
- Compromise
- Tariff of 1833 gradual tariff reductions
- Force Bill gives P power to use force to stop
treasonous activities - SC repeals its Nullification Ordinance BUT then
goes on nullifies the Force Bill!
Nullie button
21The National Bank Issue
vs.
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle, President of the BUS Brilliant
Manager but...wealthy and arrogant.
22JACKSONS OPPOSITION TO THE B.U.S.
- Unconstitutional he just ignores McCulloch
decision of Supreme Ct. - A monopoly on public funds
- Small banks profits were limited
- Favors hard money doesnt trust paper
- Bank favors the rich at the expense of the poor
- Run by private citizen handful of rich men
- Un-American foreign investors owned small
portion of the bank - Clay Webster try to use this against him seek
early renewal of Banks charter in 1832 - Jackson, as predicted, vetoed the rechartering
bill
Jackson's actions with regard to the Second Bank
of the U. S. resulted in his censure by Congress
for abuse of power. In this cartoon, Henry Clay
is sewing Jackson's mouth shut.
23Democratic cartoon shows Jackson fighting the
monster Bank. "The Bank," Jackson told Van Buren
"is trying to kill me, but I will kill it!"
Jackson destroying the Devils bank
24ELECTION OF 1832
- Clay tries to get Bank rechartered early knowing
Jackson will veto it - thought Jacksons veto of
Bank recharter would keep him from getting
elected - Backfired Jackson elected by a huge margin (219
to 49) - Note national nominating conventions for first
time in this election - Sees his huge margin of victory as a mandate from
the people to kill the Bank - So. he does
- Had already vetoed the rechartering bill
- Took federal out of the bank and put them into
his pet state banks - Disastrous effects
- Paper money scarce specie virtually
unobtainable - Specie Circular, 1836
- Buy future federal land only with gold or silver
- Serious panic threatens occurs by 1837 (lasts
til 43)
25Indian Removal Policies
- Jacksons Goal? View of Americans?
- 1830 ? Indian Removal Act
- Cherokees John Marshall
- How does Marshall rule?
- Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
- Worcester v. GA (1832)
- Jackson John Marshall has made his decision,
now let him enforce it!
26The Cherokee Nation After 1820
What does Jacksons willingness to allow GA
to ignore Supreme Ct. rulings tell states
rightists?
27THE TRAIL OF TEARS, 1838 1839 Over 4,000 die of
starvation/exposure on 116 day journey
28Indian Removal
29SEMINOLES
- Major exception to Jacksons Indian policies
- Resisted and were mostly successful
- Second Seminole War
- led by Chief Osceola
- Escaped, hid out in the Everglades and adopted
entire new lifestyle
30Jacksons Professed Love for Native Americans
31Assassination Attempt, 1835
- Jackson is the only President to beat up his own
would-be assassin!
32JACKSON,1767 - 1845
- Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before
his death)
33Election of 1836
- Whig Party formed up in opposition to Jackson
- Emerson enterprising, intelligent,
well-meaning wealthy part of the people - Bankers, intellectuals, scientific, well-educated
- No single candidate in 1836 - run favorite sons
(Webster, Harrison) - Martin Van Buren, D, wins
- 1st P born under U.S. flag
Martin Van Buren Old KinderhookO. K.
34Van Buren in Office
- Panic of 1837
- Full depression by 1839-1843
- Caused by speculation in western lands, roads,
canals, RR, slaves - Also caused by Jacksons Bank War Specie
Circular - Hands-off approach hurts him
- Favors states to take on internal improvements
- No real position on tariffs
- Only major achievement Independent Treasury
Bill passed in 1840 - Divorces govt from banking
- Govt could then keep surpluses rather than
having to put them in banks as reserves - Bill gets repealed the next year when the Whigs
take power
35Election of 1840Log Cabin Campaign
- Van Buren (Van Ruin), D, runs for reelection
- Whigs adopt D strategy of backwoods Westerner and
run Gen. William Henry Harrison VP John Tyler
(states rightist) - TIPPECANOE TYLER TOO!
- Misleading campaign huge voter turnout 234 to
60 for Whigs - Harrison shortest P term
- Principle established party in power during bad
economic times will LOSE next election
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37LOG CABIN CAMPAIGN
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39Two major changes in American politics
demonstrated in 1840
- Triumph of the populist democratic style
- Common man is now firmly at center stage, not
aristocracy - Two party system reigns
- Jacksonian Democrats
- Liberty of the individual / common man
- States rights and federal restraint in social
and economic issues - Whigs Clays American System
- Economic expansion renewed National Bank
- Protective tariffs
- Internal Improvements
- Public schools moral reforms (temperance,
slavery)
40JOHN TYLER
- 10th president
- First VP to succeed to office of the P
- Will NOT be Clay Websters puppet as Harrison
was supposed to be - Becomes the P without a party