Sigmund Freud

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Sigmund Freud

• The First Armchair Psychiatrist

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Why does he matter?

• Freud is the first major theorist of Psychology -
  he began the movement that viewed the unconscious
  mind as the source of all behavior
• Theories are most significantly applied to
  PERSONALITY.

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What is the Unconscious mind?

• We cannot knowingly connect to it REPRESSION
• It only comes out when we are not conscious (e.g.
  dreams), or by accident - like a reaction (e.g.
  Freudian slip)
• The unconscious mind is responsible for our
  behavior without us realizing it.

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So?

• If you are to cure anyone you need to go through
  the unconscious mind

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How do you get at the unconscious mind?

• Free association - patient responds to a prompt
• Dream analysis - dreams are unconscious urges so
  try to understand them

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Where does personality come from?

• For Freud, personality is the result of our
  efforts to resolve the conflict between our
  biological impulses and social restraints against
  them.

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How do things fit together?

• Mind is theoretically composed of several parts
  id, ego, superego
• Id
• Ego
• Superego
• Our Psyche

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ID - pleasure principle

• contains instinctual/biological urges - our
  unconscious desires
• Problems can happen when ID desires begins to
  take over.

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EGO - reality principle

• Rational process of our mind that counteracts the
  Id.
• Gratifies the Ids impulses in realistic ways.

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SUPEREGO - moral principle

• Moral part of our mind, our conscience, holds us
  to moral principles.
• Goes beyond reality into an ideal sense of
  behavior.

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Development of Personality

• The Psychosexual Stages

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Psychosexual Stages

• The Id in children focuses its pleasure seeking
  energies on different areas of the body - each
  part of the body is a stage of development.

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Oral Stage

• 0-18 months
• Pleasure is focused on the mouth.

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Anal Stage

• 18-36 months
• Pleasure is focused on bowel and bladder
  elimination.

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Phallic Stage

• 3-6 years
• Pleasure zone is genitals - this is when kids
  start to cope with incestuous feelings.
• A baby's fight for mom's attention

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Oedipus/Electra Complex

• Boys develop unconscious sexual desire for
  mother, and hate their father.
• Kids cope with that feeling and eventually
  identify with father.

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Identification with same sex parent

• Electra Complex

• Oedipus Complex

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Final Stages

• Latency - 6-puberty dormant sexual feelings
• cooties stage

• Genital - puberty maturation of sexual
  interests

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Fixations

• Unresolved conflicts result in bad behavior such
  as FIXATION - a focus on pleasure seeking
  activities of a specific stage

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Oral Fixation
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Anal Fixation

• Anal Retentive

• Anal Expulsive

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Phallic Fixation
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Conclusion

• Problems with this theory?