Sigmund%20Freud

1
Sigmund Freud

• Born in 1856 in Freiburg, Austria
• Moved to Vienna around 1860
• First of eight children by his mother.
• Favored child
• Mother and he idolized one another
• Entered University of Vienna at age 17 to become
  a professor of neurology

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Sigmund Freud

• Met Dr. Joseph Breuer
• Learned of Breuers work with Annie O.
• Diagnosed with hysteria (modern day conversion
  disorder)
• Symptoms began when father died (9 months prior)
• Difficulty w/ speech
• Paralysis in extremities
• Disturbances of sight (tunnel vision)
• Dual personality
• Pseudocyesis (false pregnancy)

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Sigmund Freud

• Annie O.
• chimney sweeping (catharsis)
• strangulated effect
• Breuer and Freud wrote book together on case
• Theorized that
• Every hysteria is result of a traumatic
  experience
• Emotions of experience are not expressed directly
  but as symptoms
• When made aware of the meanings of symptoms, the
  emotions are released

4
Sigmund Freud

• Freud believed that secret sexual trauma and
  desires lay at the bottom of all these hysterical
  neuroses.
• After treatment, Annie O. worked as a social
  worker under her real name of Bertha Pappenheim

5
Sigmund Freud

• 1884 the Cocaine Incident
• 1885 won grant to study under Jean Charcot in
  Paris
• Became more interested in use of hypnosis
• Interest turned more to the mind
• 1886 started private practice
• 1886 married Martha Bernays
• Had 6 children together

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Sigmund Freud

• Had opportunities to observe several experts
  using hypnosis
• As a result
• Interest turned more toward workings of mind
• Behavior can be caused by ideas individual is not
  aware of
• These can be brought into consciousness

7
Sigmund Freud

• 1889 visited Liebeult Bernheims clinic in
  Nancy, France
• Learned behavior can be caused by ideas that an
  individual is unaware of
• These ideas can be brought into consciousness

8
Sigmund Freud

• 1886 started private practice
• 1889 began treating Frau Emmy von N.
• Quit asking questions let me say what I want to
  say
• Seeds of using free association sewn here
• Began to suspect self protective deception

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Sigmund Freud

• 1892 began seeing Elizabeth von R (Iiona Weis)
• Resistant to hypnotism
• Used concentration technique
• Developed specific ideas about the nature of
  resistance

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Sigmund Freud

• Resistance
• Resisted thoughts still exert unconscious
  pressure
• Resulting symptoms involved strangulated emotion
• Symptoms were substitute expressions of
  unresolved conflict
• Conflict had been pushed from conscious awareness
  because it had not been resolved (repression)
• Continued to be source of pain and unacceptable
  self perception
• Worried about over suggestion

11
Sigmund Freud

• Moved to free association as therapeutic
  technique
• Believed a common element among patients was the
  presence of erotic impulses from childhood that
  are frustrated or guilt ridden
• Proposed seduction hypothesis
• Children repressed feelings due to conflict and
  guilt
• Upon realizing children not physically capable
  proposed sequence to be
• Incident gt amnesia gt trigger to recall _at_ maturity
  gt repression gt symptom formation

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Sigmund Freud

• Abandoned seduction hypothesis
• Patients revelation of this accomplished little
  alleviation of symptoms
• The unconscious cannot distinguish between
  fantasy and reality
• High improbability of universal sexual abuse
• Even in severe psychosis, no infantile seductions
  were revealed when the unconscious floods the
  conscious

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Sigmund Freud

• 1897 began self psychoanalysis
• Uncovered a more-or-less erotic love for his
  mother and hostility toward father
• Became key to developing ideas about Oedipus
  complex
• Also had disproportionate fear of death
• Fear of travel

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Sigmund Freud

• 1939 Emigrated to England just before WWII
• Died of cancer of mouth and jaw he suffered from
  for 20 years due to his addiction to nicotine