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Irregular
warfare What are the trends ? what is the threat
? Is this war ?
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Fourth Generation Warfare
RPG
Islamic Extremists
Economic Espionage
International Crime
Gangs
Ethnic Conflict
IRAN
Improvised Explosives
Rogue Regimes
Biological Warfare
Shoulder Launched Missiles
Chemical Weapons
Terrorism
Crimnal Enterprises
NORTH KOREA
Dirty Bombs
Drug War
Computer Hackers
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Shining Path
Al-Qaida
18th Street Gang
PETA
Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK) of Turkey
Abu Sayyaf Group
PALESTINIAN ISLAMIC JIHAD (PIJ)
Armed Islamic Group (GIA) of Algeria
Animal Liberation Front
Piracy
Earth Liberation Front
Palestinian Islamic Jihad
LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL ELAM
Hizbullah of Lebanon
Islam Resistance Movement (Hamas)
Hells Angeles
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Irregular warfare A violent struggle among
state and non state actors for legitimacy and
influence over the relevant populations.
Irregular warfare favors indirect and
asymmetrical approaches, though it may employ the
full range of military and other capacities, in
order to erode an adversarys power, influence,
and will. Also called IW . (JP I-02).
War Warfare
Irregular
Regular/ Conventional
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Clausewitz on War in irregular conflicts ?
Trinity
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The strategic Center of Gravity is the PEOPLE
Figure from NATO AJP 3.4.4.
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NATO definition IW activities
War Warfare

• Irregular activities
• Consists of three groups of activities
• Insurgency,
• 2) Terrorism,
• 3) Other irregular activities such as
• a) Criminality,
• b) Disorder,
• c) Piracy
• AJP 3.4.4. (p 7) 2008

?
Irregular
Regular/ Conventional
?
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Unconventional warfare A broad spectrum of
military and paramilitary operations, normally of
long duration, predominantly conducted through,
with, or by indigenous or surrogate forces who
are organized, trained, equipped, supported, and
directed in varying degrees by an external
source. It includes, but is not limited to,
guerrilla warfare, subversion, sabotage,
intelligence activities, and unconventional
assisted recovery. Also called UW. (JP
1-02). Operations conducted by, with, or
through irregular forces in support of a
resistance movement, an insurgency, or
conventional military operations. FM 3-05.201
(S/NF) Special Forces Unconventional Warfare (U)
28 sept 2007 and in FM 3-05.130 30 Sept 2008
War Warfare
Irregular
Regular/ Conventional
UW
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Joint operating concept relationships (US)

Figure 1-3. Joint operating concept
relationships Chapter 1 p.7 U.S. A FM 3-05.130
Unconventional Warfare 30 sept 2008 This
publication is available at Army Knowledge Online
(www.us.army.mil) and General Dennis J. Reimer
Training and Doctrine Digital Library at
(www.train.army.mil).
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• The constituent activities of IW
• ?? Insurgency.
• ?? COIN.
• ?? UW.
• ?? Terrorism.
• ?? CT.
• ?? FID.
• ?? Stability, security, transition, and
  reconstruction (SSTR) operations.
• ?? Strategic communication (SC).
• ?? PSYOP.
• ?? Civil-military operations (CMO).
• ?? Information operations (IO).
• ?? Intelligence and counterintelligence (CI)
  activities.
• ?? Transnational criminal activities, including
  narco-trafficking, illicit arms dealing, and
  illegal financial transactions that support or
  sustain IW.
• ?? Law enforcement activities focused on
  countering irregular adversaries.

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Other conceptions
Three Block War
4th Generation Warfare
Low Intensity Conflict
Unrestricted Warfare
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Other conceptions
Three Block War A peculiar situation in IW
4th Generation Warfare Very much the same as IW
Low Intensity Conflict Can also be a stalemate in
a regular conflict (Korea?)
Unrestricted Warfare Very developed
unconventional warfare wich uses all availiable
means. Can be interstate.
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Other problems in IW
Combatants ?
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And another problem

• Western art of war is since the Greeks and
  Romans fixed on a decisive military victory

Who won the battle ? Who is the winner ? Who
admits he lossed ?
Triumph !
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Insurgency An organized movement aimed at
the overthrow of a constituted government
through the use of subversion and armed
conflict. (JP I-02) FM 3-24 07. The actions
of a minority group within a state who are
intent on forcing political change by means of a
mixture of subversion, propaganda and military
pressure aiming to persuade or intimidate the
broad mass of people to accept such a change.
(UK COIN Doctrine 07.) An organized
ideologically motivated group or movement that
seeks political change in a region, focused on
persuading or coercing the population of a
region through violence, subversion and
propaganda. (AJP 3.4.4 2008)
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Insurgency

• Violent (armed) insurgeny
• Non violent insurgency

Gandhis insurgency with non voilence
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Insurgency OPS in Northern Afghanistan
ISAF
ANA
People
Insurgents
GOA
NGO
UN
ANP
OEF
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The link between Terrorism and Insurgency
Just as Guerilla warfare transforms to regular
warfare. ..does terrorism transform into
insurgency (The battle of Algers) If it has
that purpose
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Insurgencies some exampels
Successfull Not successfull
Indien Algeriet (1960) Nicaragua Haiti
Filipinerna Algeriet (1953-58) Malaysia Nordirland

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Insurgency and Terrorism
Armed insurgency armed poltical
campain Terrorism armed
political communication
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Terrorism

• Politically motivated violence
  perpetrated against noncombatant targets by
  subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually
  intended to influence an audience (US State Dept.)

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Terrorism

• Politically motivated violence
  perpetrated against noncombatant targets by
  subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually
  intended to influence an audience (US State Dept.)

The unlawful use or threatened use of force or
violence against individuals or property in an
attempt to coerce or intimidate governments or
societies to achieve political, religious or
ideological objectives. (Nato)
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Domestic Versus Transnational

• Domestic terrorism is homegrown and home
  directed, with consequences for just the venue
  country, its institutions, citizens, property,
  and policies. The perpetrators, victims, and
  audience are all from the host country.
• For example IRA, ETA, Shining Path

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Domestic Versus Transnational

• Domestic terrorism is homegrown and home
  directed, with consequences for just the venue
  country, its institutions, citizens, property,
  and policies. The perpetrators, victims, and
  audience are all from the host country.
• When a terrorist act has ramifications that
  transcend a national boundary, it is an instance
  of transnational terrorism. Examples include
  9/11, 3/11, and kidnapping of foreign workers in
  Iraq.
• Examples AlQaida, RAF, Lashkar-e-Taiba

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Primitive war
WAR
Oriental warfare
Western ways of war
Irregular warfare
Regular warfare
Terrorism
Partisan war
Guerilla war
Insurgency
Stateterrorism
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Counterinsurgency - COIN
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COIN ?
Those military, paramilitary, political,
economic, psychological, and civic actions taken
by a government to defeat insurgency. (JP I-02)
FM 3-24 and in UK COIN doctrine 07 AJP 3.4.4 08
The set of political, economical, social,
military, law enforcement, civil and
psychological activities required to defeat
insurgency. AJP 3.4.4 uses this definition that
is not in AAP 6. AAP 6. Those military,
paramilitary, political, economic, psychological
and civil actions taken to defeat insurgency.
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Timefactor in COIN
Level of Violence
Average duration 12 yrs
Time
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If an insurgency is supported by another state it
has a bigger chance in succeeding
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COIN in Afghanistan

• ISAF together with coalition forces is conducting
  a COIN operation in Afghanistan and SWEDEN
  participate in the Campaign!

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To succeed in Irregular Warfare
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Its hard to coordinate many countries different
agencies from outside and some NGOs refuse
DIMES
Land X
Land Y
Land Z
NGOs
Failing state with insurgency
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Coordination is best through a HN government !It
also shows the people it can govern !
DIMES
Land X
HN Gov
Second effect Our gov. is able !!
Land Y
Unified effect
Land Z
NGOs
Failing state with insurgency
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Attitude
Influence
Low High
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Attitude
Co-operate
Influence
Low High
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Attitude
Co-operate
Inform
Influence
Low High
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Attitude
Co-operate
Inform
Monitor
Influence
Low High
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Attitude
Co-operate
Inform
Monitor Influence
Influence
Low High
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Attitude
Co-operate
Inform
(support) (inhance)
Monitor Influence
(contain) (defeat)
Influence
Low High
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• 
  Attributes of COIN
• Political primacy a clear political objective
• The struggle against insurgency is for the
  population,
• not against the population
• Relevance of legitimacy
• Intelligence and information are crucial for
  success
• Neutralising insurgency and isolating it from
  any
• support
• Long-term planning and preparing for the
  campaign
• Establishing a secured environment and acting
  within
• the law is essential
• Transfer leading role to the local forces
• Adapting the plan to current conditions. Learn
  and adapt

AJP 3.3.4 p 47
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Discussion
Is it doctrine to make a definition of irregular
warfare ? If so why is it important ? Does
Georgia have definitions on irregular warfare ?
How are they ?