19th Century Progress

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19th Century Progress

• Inventions and Developments

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Setting the Stage

• The Industrial Revolution happened because of
  inventions such as the spinning jenny and the
  steam engine. By the late 1800s, advances in both
  industry and technology were occurring faster
  than ever before. In turn, the demands of growing
  industries spurred even greater advances in
  technology. A surge of scientific discovery
  pushed the frontiers of knowledge forward. At the
  same time, in industrialized countries, economic
  growth produced many social changes.
• -World History, Patterns in Interaction

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Inventions Make Life Easier

• Late 1800s gasoline made combustible engine
  possible
• 1870s electric generator developed, producing
  current thus powering machines

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Inventions Make Life Easier

• Thomas Edison created over 1,000 inventions
• These were created in his research lab at Menlo
  Park, NJ
• Two of his most important inventions were

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• The Light Bulb
• The Phonograph

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Communications Revolutionized

• Alexander Graham Bell
• -Invented the telephone
• Guglielmo Marconi
• -created first radio used to
  send messages wirelessly

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Automobile Industry

• In the 1880s Germans had developed the
  automobile with a gasoline engine
• Cars were made by hand and extremely expensive
• Henry Ford used standardized interchangeable
  parts to make automobiles cheaper and faster to
  assemble

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Henry Ford and the Automobile

• Ford developed the Assembly Line
• A line of workers who each put a single piece on
  an unfinished car as it passes on a moving belt

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Ford Makes Cheaper Cars

• As production costs fell so did the price

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Wright Brothers Take the Skies

• Wilbur and Orville Wright flew a gasoline powered
  machine at Kitty Hawk, NC on December 17, 1903
  for 59 seconds

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Medical Advancements

• Louis Pasteur develops pasteurization to kill
  germs in liquids
• Joseph Lister ordered surgical wards sterilized
  and washing wounds in antiseptics
• Cities built plumbing and sewer systems to
  prevent spread of disease
• Vaccines were developed for deadly diseases

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Scientific Achievements

• Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution
• Survival of the fittest
• Species adapt to their environment for survival
  and pass on adaptations to their offspring over
  generation

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Scientific Achievements

• Gregor Mendel discovered between the 1850s and
  1860s that certain traits are inherited, thus
  beginning genetics
• John Dalton in 1803 theorized that all matter is
  made up of atoms

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Scientific Achievements

• In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev organized elements into
  a chart we now know as the Periodic Table

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Scientific Achievements

• Marie and Pierre Curie discovered two elements
  that released a powerful energy
• Radium
• Polonium
• 1898, Marie called this energy radioactivity

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Social Sciences

• Scholars begin to study ancient civilizations and
  world cultures leading to developments in the
  sciences of
• Archaeology
• Anthropology
• Sociology
• Psychology- the study of the human mind and
  behavior

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Social Sciences

• Ivan Pavlov believed human actions were
  unconscious reactions to experiences and could be
  changed by training
• i.e. Pavlovs Dog

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Social Science

• Sigmund Freud also believed the unconscious mind
  drives how people think and act
• Suppressed memories, desires, and impulses shape
  behavior
• Developed psychoanalysis therapy to deal with
  conflict created by these forces

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Mass Culture on the Rise

• Prior to the 20th Century art, music, and theatre
  were only enjoyed by the wealthy
• Around 1900 came Mass Culture- the appeal of art,
  writing, music, and other forms of entertainment
  for the masses
• More leisure time for people led them to demand
  more activities and entertainment

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Entertainment

• Music Halls/Vaudeville Acts
• Singers
• Dancers
• Comedians
• Jugglers
• Magicians
• Acrobats
• A cross between SNL and the Circus

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Movies are Developed

• During the 1880s several inventors attempted to
  project moving images
• By 1900 filmmakers were producing feature films
• By 1910 10,000 Theaters
• were open in the US alone

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Sports Entertainment

• Spectator sports became entertainment at the turn
  of the century
• United States
• Football and Baseball

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Sports Entertainment

• European professional soccer clubs drew large
  crowds of spectators
• Cricket also was a popular British sport

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Sports Entertainment

• The growing international interest in athletics
  revived the Olympic Games of Ancient Greek times
• 1896 first modern Olympic Games held in Athens,
  Greece