Title: Biology Project Wastes recycling industry, Examples of 4Rreduce,recycle,reuse,replace
1Biology ProjectWastes recycling
industry,Examples of 4R(reduce,recycle,reuse,repl
ace)
- Cheung Wan Ming(3)
- Yip Kit Yu (16)
2Why the wastes recycling is important to Hong
Kong?
- Hong Kong s waste problem
- Hong Kong, like many developed places, has seen
its waste loads grow as its economy has grown.
Municipal waste loads have increased an average
of about three per cent per year since 1986 - The per capita level of domestic waste has risen
from 0.95 kilograms per person per day in 1990,
to 1.11 kilograms in 2002.
3- About 6million ton of waste dumped in landfills
each year - 55 (3.4million ton) municipal solid waste
- 38 construction and demolition waste
- 7 other wastes (sludge, animal carcass)
- The 3 Strategic Landfills (Nim Wan, Tseung Kwan O
and Ta Kwu Ling ) are filling up fast - Remaining capacity around 110million tonnes
- Expected to last another 10-15 years
- Annual operating cost HK420 Million
4- The continued growth in waste loads means Hong
Kong is running out of landfill space far earlier
than expected. - The remaining landfill space will last only for 7
to 11 years if waste levels continue to increase
at current levels. - We will face a crisis in the next decade of
having nowhere to put the thousands of tonnes of
waste thrown away each day.
Thus, Hong Kong needs to regenerate several
different types of waste in order to reduce the
waste loads.
5Solid waste transfer disposal in Hong Kong
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
6What is recycling?
- It includes recovery and utilization
-
- Recovery
- The collection of waste materials that can be
used - Utilization
- The processing of diverted waste into new and
useful materials and products
7The importance of recycling of waste materials
- Reduce the rate of depletion of natural resources
- Reduce the air pollution
- Reduce the needs for landfill sites
- Save energy used in some process
8Waste recycling industry in HK
- According to the Environmental Protection
Department ,there are about 300 active waste
collectors and 50 waste recyclers in Hong Kong.
9Waste recycling industry in HK
- 1)Recycling of Municipal solid waste
- comprises solid waste from households, commercial
and industrial sources. - (eg plastic, paper, aluminium)
- 2.38million tonnes (36 of the total generated)
were recovered - 9 recycled locally
- 91 exported to the Mainland other countries
- The waste recycling
- industry of the solid
- wastesin HK is small.
10Recycling of paper
- In 2002,about 58 of the waste paper generated in
Hong Kong Was recovered. - They were either recycled locally or exported to
China for recycling. - 18 of the wastes are recycled locally
- 82 of them are exported to the Mainland or
other countries - In Hong Kong, there were about 156 private waste
paper collectors and 2 paper recyclers in
operation.
11Recycling of metals
- Metal wastes are classified into 2 types
- ferrous metals (eg alloy steel scrap)
- non ferrous metal ( egaluminium ,lead)
- In 2002, about 91 of the ferrous metal wastes
and 76of the non-ferrous metals wastes were
recovered. - There are about 137 ferrous and 177 non-ferrous
wastes metal dealers in Hong Kong.
12Recycling of plastics
- In 2002 ,only 38 of the plastic wastes was
recovered - because there is very limited re-processing
of post-consumer plastics due to the complicated
processing procedures. -
13- 3 of the wastes are recycled locally
- 97 of them are exported to the Mainland or
other countries - An internationally recognized coding system of
plastics has been adopted to facilitate
separation and treatments of plastic wastes.
14The Plastic Coding System
15Types quantities of Municipal solid waste
recycled by the waste recycling industry in HK in
2003
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
16Statistics of Municipal Solid Waste Recovered in
1990-2003
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
17Key players in MSW recovery in HK
EPD green groups corporate
Street collectors cleansing workers
Medium or small size enterprises
More exporters, few recyclers
Source http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/
18Example Industrialized Recycling
19Example The Process for Municipal Solid Waste
20- 2)Recycling of construction and demolition waste
- .Materials arising from construction, demolition,
renovation -
- Inert materials rock, debris, rubble,
- excavated soil, concrete, etc
- -Non-inert substances bamboo, timber, paper,
- vegetation, packaging waste, organics, etc.
- . Recyclable CD Material
- Reusable / Recyclable Materials
- eg soil, concrete, rock, asphalt, etc.
21Alternative Uses of CD Materials
22Solid Waste (eg construction and demolition
waste) Disposal in 1998-2002
23Efforts
- Government measures to enhance the waste
reduction - the government has established a Waste Reduction
Committee which works out measures for reduction
of waste production. - The food and Environmental Hygiene Department has
provided recycling bins for different types of
wastes in around 200public areas - The Agriculture Fisheries and Conservation
Department has provided 300 recycling bins for
BBQ forks in over 100 recreational sites - supports the local waste recycling industry
24(B) Difficulties faced by recycling industry
- - No incentive for building constructors to
separate and recycle waste - The public awareness of the importance of
environment protection is low - Small flat sizes in Hong Kong restrict waste
separation and storage - Relatively small-scale recycling enterprises
discourages investment on advanced waste recovery
technology
25Reduce ,recycle ,reuse and replace
- What can we do to reduce the solid wastes?
- Reduce
- Recycle
- Reuse
- Replace
26 Reduce
- Simplify your life as much as possible. Only keep
belongings that you use/enjoy on a regular basis.
By making the effort to reduce what you own, you
will naturally purchase less/create less waste in
the future.
27- -Examples
- Use less paper.
- Reduce the use of over-bleached tissue paper
which may contain dioxins. . - Cut down on gift wrapping paper.
- Separate waste paper at home and in office for
paper recycling. - Use less plastic bags and use durable bags or
baskets. Plastic bags take years to decompose. - Encourage the use of reusable dishes and utensils
in fast food shops. - Minimize the number of document copies.
- Use blank side of used paper to make note pads.
- Reuse envelopes.
- Use pencils for drafting rather than ball pens.
- Reduce the use of fluorescent pens. You can
always underline your text. - Bring your own mug to office. Avoid using paper
cups
28 Recycle
- To reduce the amount of raw materials used to
make products and the amount of wastes that needs
to be landfilled.
29- Examples
- Waste Paper Recycling Program in offices and
homes - Recycle
- White office paper
- letterhead, businessforms,
- - offset paper, scratch paper, copy paper ,
- Coloured paper ,Photo copies
- -Index cards
- -Computer printout paper
- -Standard business cards
- -Brochures and Newsletters (if not on glossy
paper)
30- Waste Recycling Program in residential buildings
-
- Examples Newspapers,
- paper, cardboard,
- plastic, glass, aluminium
- Other wastes can also be recycled
- tin cans, scrap metal,
- alkaline batteries
31 Reuse
- Just dont throw the wastes away without deeply
consideration - Examples
- Save reusable decoration e.g. plastic Christmas
treesetc. for next year - Donate unwanted gifts to needy
- reuse the paper which has been used on one side
only for scrap paper - Donate your old clothes and other products to
charity - Pick up books from your local library or used
book store - Donate your old computer equipment
-
32 Replace
- New materials are used to replace the original
one - Examples
- -Replace your newspaper and magazines with the
online news (save the papers) - -Replace durable utensils with disposable
foam-blow plastic containers, polystyrene
utensils, paper cups and disposable wooden
chopsticks. - -Use handkerchiefs to replace the tissues
-
33References
- http//www.globalstewards.org/main.htm
- http//www.epd.gov.hk
- http//www.epa.gov/recyclecity/mainmap.htm
- http//www.susdev.org.hk/b5/paper/paper_ch2.asp
- http//www.epd.gov.hk/epd/textonly/english/environ
mentinhk/waste/guide_ref/files/wr_plastics.pdf - Advanced-level Biology for Hong Kong 2
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