144 622mbps PPTs View free & download

155Mbps, 622Mbps, 2.5Gbps???? ?? PowerPoint PPT Presentation

155Mbps, 622Mbps, 2.5Gbps???? ?? - Title: Author: mic Last modified by: LGJ Created Date: 11/1/2001 6:40:29 AM Document presentation format

Title: Author: mic Last modified by: LGJ Created Date: 11/1/2001 6:40:29 AM Document presentation format

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

IEEE 802.15 <subject> PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IEEE 802.15 <subject> - Submission Title: [622Mbps Transmission Processing and Its Configuration ] Date Submitted: [ 18 March 2004] Source: [Yuichi Shiraki] Company [Oki Electric Industry Co ...

Submission Title: [622Mbps Transmission Processing and Its Configuration ] Date Submitted: [ 18 March 2004] Source: [Yuichi Shiraki] Company [Oki Electric Industry Co ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Milan Padova PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Milan Padova - RBnet KEK (2) SLAC 500kbps 1Gbps Novosibirsk Stanford TRIUMF 100Mbps Host 950Mbps SINET 622Mbps 950Mbps CAnet Caltech SDSC RIKEN CENIC 1Gbps ESnet NY SEA UMich I2 1Gbps

RBnet KEK (2) SLAC 500kbps 1Gbps Novosibirsk Stanford TRIUMF 100Mbps Host 950Mbps SINET 622Mbps 950Mbps CAnet Caltech SDSC RIKEN CENIC 1Gbps ESnet NY SEA UMich I2 1Gbps

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Asynchronous Transfer Mode PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Asynchronous Transfer Mode - High speed multimedia networking; carry traffic at a speed up to 622Mbps ... David E. McDysan, Darren L. Spohn, 'ATM Theory and Applications,' McGraw-Hill, ...

High speed multimedia networking; carry traffic at a speed up to 622Mbps ... David E. McDysan, Darren L. Spohn, 'ATM Theory and Applications,' McGraw-Hill, ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

IP over DWDM Networks PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IP over DWDM Networks - 10Mbps Ethernet (10Base-F) uses 850 nm. 100 Mbps Ethernet (100Base-FX) ... Nortel/Cambrian: Optera Metro: 32 2.5G Optera LH: 2560 622Mbps, 1280 1.25Gbps ...

10Mbps Ethernet (10Base-F) uses 850 nm. 100 Mbps Ethernet (100Base-FX) ... Nortel/Cambrian: Optera Metro: 32 2.5G Optera LH: 2560 622Mbps, 1280 1.25Gbps ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Fall 2005 Internet2 Member Meeting International Task Force PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Fall 2005 Internet2 Member Meeting International Task Force - Miami - Sao Paulo link operating at 622Mbps, increasing to 1. ... Miami, FL USA. Cisco GSR 12000. AS 20080. CUDI. Tijuana, MX. AS 18592. CALREN. Los Angeles, USA ...

Miami - Sao Paulo link operating at 622Mbps, increasing to 1. ... Miami, FL USA. Cisco GSR 12000. AS 20080. CUDI. Tijuana, MX. AS 18592. CALREN. Los Angeles, USA ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

AGENDA - IPV6 - TC. Friday 9:00-15:30. QoS Measurement, PRT- VR. Flow Measurement (Andrei) ... T-Systems and Level-3 connectivity to NY in place (3x2.5Gbps) ...

IPV6 - TC. Friday 9:00-15:30. QoS Measurement, PRT- VR. Flow Measurement (Andrei) ... T-Systems and Level-3 connectivity to NY in place (3x2.5Gbps) ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Beberapa Alternatif High Speed Network PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Beberapa Alternatif High Speed Network - High Speed Network & Internet Onno W. Purbo Computer Network Research Group Institiut Teknologi Bandung Outline Target Market - user perspective. User need? - user ...

High Speed Network & Internet Onno W. Purbo Computer Network Research Group Institiut Teknologi Bandung Outline Target Market - user perspective. User need? - user ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Characterization of TCP flows over Large-Fat Networks PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Characterization of TCP flows over Large-Fat Networks - 1. PFLDNet 2003. Characterization of TCP flows over Large-Fat Networks. Antony ... Higher speed single TCP flows in the WAN. Using 10Gig NICs on the end hosts ...

1. PFLDNet 2003. Characterization of TCP flows over Large-Fat Networks. Antony ... Higher speed single TCP flows in the WAN. Using 10Gig NICs on the end hosts ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Gigabit%20Ethernet%20Vs%20Asynchronous%20Transfer%20Mode PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Gigabit%20Ethernet%20Vs%20Asynchronous%20Transfer%20Mode - Title: Overview Author: Cisco Software Library Last modified by: John Clark Created Date: 5/5/1997 8:18:37 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show

Title: Overview Author: Cisco Software Library Last modified by: John Clark Created Date: 5/5/1997 8:18:37 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

ISP - 2 isp

2 isp

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Basics of computer networks PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Basics of computer networks - Basic of computer network, what is network types of computer network, hub switch router, intranet vs internet, TCP IP Ip address Domains

Basic of computer network, what is network types of computer network, hub switch router, intranet vs internet, TCP IP Ip address Domains

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Characterization%20of%20TCP%20flows%20over%20Large-Fat%20Networks PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Characterization%20of%20TCP%20flows%20over%20Large-Fat%20Networks - 1. PFLDNet 2003. Characterization of TCP flows over Large-Fat Networks ... RTT Amsterdam - Vancouver. OC12. OC9 ... recovers from congestion events ...

1. PFLDNet 2003. Characterization of TCP flows over Large-Fat Networks ... RTT Amsterdam - Vancouver. OC12. OC9 ... recovers from congestion events ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

15-441 Computer Networking PowerPoint PPT Presentation

15-441 Computer Networking - 15-441 Computer Networking Lecture 10 TCP & Routers

15-441 Computer Networking Lecture 10 TCP & Routers

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

?.??:? ??? ???????? LAN ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? PowerPoint PPT Presentation

?.??:? ??? ???????? LAN ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? - Title: PowerPoint Author: Last modified by: Created Date: 3/8/2000 4:32:11 AM Document presentation format

Title: PowerPoint Author: Last modified by: Created Date: 3/8/2000 4:32:11 AM Document presentation format

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Congestion Control on High-Speed Networks - Congestion Control on HighSpeed Networks

Congestion Control on HighSpeed Networks

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

What is E-learning? PowerPoint PPT Presentation

What is E-learning? - E-learning for Education Multimedia University Conclusion ICT and e-learning offers opportunity to raise educational standards in schools Large range of ICT tools are ...

E-learning for Education Multimedia University Conclusion ICT and e-learning offers opportunity to raise educational standards in schools Large range of ICT tools are ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Network Update - Network Update

Network Update

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

ICFASCIC meeting 150103 PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ICFASCIC meeting 150103 - CERN Update ICFA-SCIC meeting (15/1/2003) CERN connectivity update ... ATRIUM/VTHD. 2.5Gbps. 10/19/09. Olivier Martin (Slide 3 ) ICFA-SCIC meeting 15/01/03 ...

CERN Update ICFA-SCIC meeting (15/1/2003) CERN connectivity update ... ATRIUM/VTHD. 2.5Gbps. 10/19/09. Olivier Martin (Slide 3 ) ICFA-SCIC meeting 15/01/03 ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

The Physical Layer PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Physical Layer - ... and Japanese digital systems to ... inherently broadcast media satellite broadcasting is much cheaper encryption is essential when security is required ...

... and Japanese digital systems to ... inherently broadcast media satellite broadcasting is much cheaper encryption is essential when security is required ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly: PRAGMA PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly: PRAGMA - ... a G p S s t F T O d f e n ... RZZ t t t tt t t t Zs s Z s tk J t ...

... a G p S s t F T O d f e n ... RZZ t t t tt t t t Zs s Z s tk J t ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

PIPE Dreams - The vision of science grids allocating resources to analyze ... INFN-Milan. CESnet. APAN. Geant. EDG. PPDG/GriPhyN. Monitoring Site. ORNL. Stanford. UTAH. DNVR ...

The vision of science grids allocating resources to analyze ... INFN-Milan. CESnet. APAN. Geant. EDG. PPDG/GriPhyN. Monitoring Site. ORNL. Stanford. UTAH. DNVR ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

ICFASCIC meeting 121202 PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ICFASCIC meeting 121202 - ... MCI/Worldcom, SIG, Sunrise/diAx, Swisscom (Switzerland), Swisscom (France) ... MCI/Worldcom, Petrel, Sita/Equant(*), Sunrise, Swisscom IP-Plus, SWITCH, GEANT, ...

... MCI/Worldcom, SIG, Sunrise/diAx, Swisscom (Switzerland), Swisscom (France) ... MCI/Worldcom, Petrel, Sita/Equant(*), Sunrise, Swisscom IP-Plus, SWITCH, GEANT, ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Review from the Eastern outskirts A CEE operators perspective on SERENATE by Bla Gellai Matv Hungari PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Review from the Eastern outskirts A CEE operators perspective on SERENATE by Bla Gellai Matv Hungari - Telecommunications in CEE after velvet/bloody revolution(s) ... Legislation environment tailor-made, supportive of emerging carriers and forward ...

Telecommunications in CEE after velvet/bloody revolution(s) ... Legislation environment tailor-made, supportive of emerging carriers and forward ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

DataTAG presentation (Bucarest) PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DataTAG presentation (Bucarest) - The DataTAG Project CEOS workshop on Grid computing 6th May 2002, Frascati-Rome Mirco Mazzucato INFN-Padova Slides mainly from Olivier Martin

The DataTAG Project CEOS workshop on Grid computing 6th May 2002, Frascati-Rome Mirco Mazzucato INFN-Padova Slides mainly from Olivier Martin

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

TCP and WANs PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TCP and WANs - 1500 Byte MTU (pkt), 200 ms RTT. Other TCP. Virtual Jumbo Fames (large AI) Grid DT ... In linux now!! Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) ...

1500 Byte MTU (pkt), 200 ms RTT. Other TCP. Virtual Jumbo Fames (large AI) Grid DT ... In linux now!! Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? (mainframe) PowerPoint PPT Presentation

??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? (mainframe) - Title: Subject: Author: . . Last modified by

Title: Subject: Author: . . Last modified by

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Grid activities in Czech Republic PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Grid activities in Czech Republic - ATLAS, ALICE, D0 and STAR detector simulation activities, reconstruction and ... Participating in European DataGrid project member of WP1 (workload management) ...

ATLAS, ALICE, D0 and STAR detector simulation activities, reconstruction and ... Participating in European DataGrid project member of WP1 (workload management) ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? (mainframe) - Title: Author: . . Last modified by: Created Date: 2/11/2001 11:05:12 AM

Title: Author: . . Last modified by: Created Date: 2/11/2001 11:05:12 AM

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Beberapa Alternatif High Speed Network - Entertainment Industries. Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Visi / Target Market ... Mobile Computing (termasuk paling trendy di COMDEX 96 Las Vegas) ...

Entertainment Industries. Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Visi / Target Market ... Mobile Computing (termasuk paling trendy di COMDEX 96 Las Vegas) ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

National Science Foundation International Research Network Connections Program Kickoff PowerPoint PPT Presentation

National Science Foundation International Research Network Connections Program Kickoff - Proposal submitted by Florida International University (FIU) and the Corporation ... CIARA, along with collaborators from the U.S., Argentina and Brazil, is ...

Proposal submitted by Florida International University (FIU) and the Corporation ... CIARA, along with collaborators from the U.S., Argentina and Brazil, is ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Introduction%20to%20Voice%20over%20ATM PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction%20to%20Voice%20over%20ATM - Introduction to. Voice over ATM. University of Ottawa. School of IT ... IWF: ... IWF. IWF. PBX. Caller. ATM Network. Remote. PBX. N-Setup. B-Setup ...

Introduction to. Voice over ATM. University of Ottawa. School of IT ... IWF: ... IWF. IWF. PBX. Caller. ATM Network. Remote. PBX. N-Setup. B-Setup ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

High Availability Launch PowerPoint PPT Presentation

High Availability Launch - High Availability Launch Application Availability Legato ?

High Availability Launch Application Availability Legato ?

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Basic Computer Network PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Basic Computer Network - A modem (modulator/demodulator) for dial-up services or a NIC ... www.netsol.com, www.godaddy.com. Used to be done via email or fax, now all web-based! ...

A modem (modulator/demodulator) for dial-up services or a NIC ... www.netsol.com, www.godaddy.com. Used to be done via email or fax, now all web-based! ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Operational Review PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Operational Review - Usenet News. LINX. Use increasing now at the limit allowed for Gb ether connection. ... Birmingham's recently delivered. UHI sorting out housing it. ...

Usenet News. LINX. Use increasing now at the limit allowed for Gb ether connection. ... Birmingham's recently delivered. UHI sorting out housing it. ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Asynchronous Transfer Mode - and switched along the same path. Chapter 5 ATM. 10. ATM Connection Relationships ... Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) A unique numerical tag for a particular VC link ...

and switched along the same path. Chapter 5 ATM. 10. ATM Connection Relationships ... Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) A unique numerical tag for a particular VC link ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

networking notes PowerPoint PPT Presentation

networking notes - this is a basic networking notes for learner

this is a basic networking notes for learner

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Future devices for Information Technology PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Future devices for Information Technology - Future devices for Information Technology 2003. 4. 4. Songcheol Hong High speed Power Devices MESFET/ HEMT High Efficiency / high Linearity Temperature stability ...

Future devices for Information Technology 2003. 4. 4. Songcheol Hong High speed Power Devices MESFET/ HEMT High Efficiency / high Linearity Temperature stability ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Burstiness Control for High Speed Long Distance TCP PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Burstiness Control for High Speed Long Distance TCP - Sender: Ack compression/ Ack loss. Sender: A burst of data packets sent out ... How to reduce severe ack-compression? Increasing txqueue. Txqueuelen = 100 pkt ...

Sender: Ack compression/ Ack loss. Sender: A burst of data packets sent out ... How to reduce severe ack-compression? Increasing txqueue. Txqueuelen = 100 pkt ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Olivier H. Martin (1) PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Olivier H. Martin (1) - Like ATM VP/VC, MPLS labels only have local significance. ... Data. Single channel operation. Opto-electronic regenerative repeaters - one per 50 km per fiber ...

Like ATM VP/VC, MPLS labels only have local significance. ... Data. Single channel operation. Opto-electronic regenerative repeaters - one per 50 km per fiber ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

An overview of research and education networks and interconnectivity around the world PowerPoint PPT Presentation

An overview of research and education networks and interconnectivity around the world - An overview of research and education networks and interconnectivity around the world ... Russia China connectivity being put in place. Growth, issue areas ...

An overview of research and education networks and interconnectivity around the world ... Russia China connectivity being put in place. Growth, issue areas ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

FTTP in Japan PowerPoint PPT Presentation

FTTP in Japan - OFC 2004 MA Fiber To The Premises. Monday, February 23, ... BRAS. MDU Type. Network Terminal Equipment. FLET'S. Office. BPON. P2P. P2P. 7. OFC 2004 MA-FTTP ...

OFC 2004 MA Fiber To The Premises. Monday, February 23, ... BRAS. MDU Type. Network Terminal Equipment. FLET'S. Office. BPON. P2P. P2P. 7. OFC 2004 MA-FTTP ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Hardware Building Blocks PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Hardware Building Blocks - Be familiar with key networking terms and rates. Nodes ... Never underestimate the bandwidth of a station wagon full of magnetic tapes ...

Be familiar with key networking terms and rates. Nodes ... Never underestimate the bandwidth of a station wagon full of magnetic tapes ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

ATM Traffic Management PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ATM Traffic Management - ATM Traffic Management Traffic Management Roles: Maximize efficiency Minimize data loss Control traffic during times of heavy utilization Control is based on ...

ATM Traffic Management Traffic Management Roles: Maximize efficiency Minimize data loss Control traffic during times of heavy utilization Control is based on ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Progama - Title: No Slide Title Author: Vitor Manuel Carvalho Last modified by: Gabriel David Created Date: 6/17/1995 11:31:02 PM Document presentation format

Title: No Slide Title Author: Vitor Manuel Carvalho Last modified by: Gabriel David Created Date: 6/17/1995 11:31:02 PM Document presentation format

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

TransPAC and the GTRN PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TransPAC and the GTRN - High-performance connectivity between the US and the Asia-Pacific region ... Data Grid Laboratory http://www.ivdgl.org) is a testbed for gird environments. ...

High-performance connectivity between the US and the Asia-Pacific region ... Data Grid Laboratory http://www.ivdgl.org) is a testbed for gird environments. ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

HEP Research PowerPoint PPT Presentation

HEP Research - HEP Research & Network Service in Taiwan. APAN-TW Secretariat Dr. Simon C. Lin ... Top quake discovery in 1995. Taiwan is one of the 5 countries in CDF. ...

HEP Research & Network Service in Taiwan. APAN-TW Secretariat Dr. Simon C. Lin ... Top quake discovery in 1995. Taiwan is one of the 5 countries in CDF. ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

High-speed TCP connections PowerPoint PPT Presentation

High-speed TCP connections - Karn/Partridge Algorithm. Do not sample RTT when re-transmitting ... Karn/Partridge Algorithm. 8. Jacobson/Karels Algorithm. New calculation for average RTT ...

Karn/Partridge Algorithm. Do not sample RTT when re-transmitting ... Karn/Partridge Algorithm. 8. Jacobson/Karels Algorithm. New calculation for average RTT ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

KOREN, Korea PowerPoint PPT Presentation

KOREN, Korea - ... between Pusan and Fukuoka/Kitakyushu. 2 * 1GbE links between KOREN Pusan node and ... GbE b/w Pusan/KOREN and QGPOP/APAN. Plan to increase bandwidth of TEIN ...

... between Pusan and Fukuoka/Kitakyushu. 2 * 1GbE links between KOREN Pusan node and ... GbE b/w Pusan/KOREN and QGPOP/APAN. Plan to increase bandwidth of TEIN ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Presentacin de PowerPoint PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Presentacin de PowerPoint - EF DEBATES - Holcim. Accesos a Internet de Banda Ancha. Tendencias de ... EF DEBATES - Holcim. En Telecomunicaciones se debe realizar un triple esfuerzo ...

EF DEBATES - Holcim. Accesos a Internet de Banda Ancha. Tendencias de ... EF DEBATES - Holcim. En Telecomunicaciones se debe realizar un triple esfuerzo ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Network%20Layer PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Network%20Layer - Network Layer Dr. Yingwu Zhu 4-*

Network Layer Dr. Yingwu Zhu 4-*

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Current Status of WINDS PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Current Status of WINDS - 2. Verification of ultra-high-data rate satellite based communications network ... SIMS. INIT ?Tracking & Control System? ?WINDS Satellite? ?USAT?. ???. ODU/IDU ...

2. Verification of ultra-high-data rate satellite based communications network ... SIMS. INIT ?Tracking & Control System? ?WINDS Satellite? ?USAT?. ???. ODU/IDU ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Network Protocols: Design and Analysis PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Network Protocols: Design and Analysis - time-wait. flow control. congestion control practice and theory. loss recovery. security ... window is the minimum of the two. Polly Huang, NTU EE. 16. Flow ...

time-wait. flow control. congestion control practice and theory. loss recovery. security ... window is the minimum of the two. Polly Huang, NTU EE. 16. Flow ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to download

Technology Overview Broadband Passive Optical Networks BPON PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Technology Overview Broadband Passive Optical Networks BPON - Technology Overview. Broadband Passive Optical Networks (BPON) ... Qwest. Bell Canada. International. NTT. British Telecom. Deutsche Telecom. France Telecom ...

Technology Overview. Broadband Passive Optical Networks (BPON) ... Qwest. Bell Canada. International. NTT. British Telecom. Deutsche Telecom. France Telecom ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Equilibrium - Equilibrium & Stability of TCP. Steven Low. CS/EE Caltech. netlab.caltech.edu ... C. Jin (Caltech), K. Kim (SNU/Caltech), F. Paganini (UCLA), J. Wang (Caltech) ...

Equilibrium & Stability of TCP. Steven Low. CS/EE Caltech. netlab.caltech.edu ... C. Jin (Caltech), K. Kim (SNU/Caltech), F. Paganini (UCLA), J. Wang (Caltech) ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

Prototyping of Global Environment for Network Innovations Based on User Controlled LightPath PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Prototyping of Global Environment for Network Innovations Based on User Controlled LightPath - GENI Design Documents (GDD-05-02, GDD-06-11, GDD-06-13, GDD-06-24, GDD-06-25, ... 3 available Juniper M5 routers capable of supporting 'Logical routers' ...

GENI Design Documents (GDD-05-02, GDD-06-11, GDD-06-13, GDD-06-24, GDD-06-25, ... 3 available Juniper M5 routers capable of supporting 'Logical routers' ...

| PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view

622mbps PowerPoint PPT Presentations