SPALL ERCMOVE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Title: SPALL ERCMOVE
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SPALL/ ERCMOVE
- THE CASE OF THE NETHERLANDS
- Emine Dalyan, Capelle a/d Ijssel
- March 2006
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The Two Different Perceptions within the Dutch
Society Towards the Life Long Learning
- The autochtonus Dutch Adults
- The allochtonus Dutch Adults
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The autochtonus Dutch adults need the LLL,
because
- They need to acquire new skills to have a better
chance in the job market. - The living and working conditions of the 2nd
modernity (Giddens, 1994 Beck, 1994) makes it
necessary that employment requires a bunch of new
skills from the individuals. They must learn to
deal with individual and general questions and
problems in a new manner and besides of
traditional discourses. (often called as key
skills).
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The autochtonus Dutch adults want the LLL,
because
- of their leisure times.
- Dutch adults tend to learn new languages or
attend recreational activities in their leisure
times. Volksuniversiteit is a private institution
offering language, photography, pottery, drawing,
fashion, cooking... etc classes and workshops.
There are app. 10,000 adults/ year attending to
their courses.
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The allochtonus Dutch adults are forced to
participate the LLL, because
- of the Dutch Immigration Law.
- According to the new adopted section of the law,
the immigrants have to pass the language and
integration tests before they are accepted to
live in the Dutch society. To pass the test, a
basic knowledge of Dutch is required. There are
even Dutch language schools opened for the
candidate immigrants in their home countries.
(burden is exported to the home country)
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The allochtonus Dutch adults need the LLL,
because
- They need to acquire new skills in their new
environment and transfer some of their former
skills to empower themselves. - The immigrant adults need to develop new skills
to become wanted in the job-market. - The Dutch business world has two equally
important characteristics traditional
international. The traditional aspect of the
business world requires the new comers at least
seek for a better understanding of the Dutch way
of doing things.
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The allochtonus Dutch adults want the LLL,
because
- They want to become equal members of the Dutch
society. - Adult migrants want to further develop their
skills. However, there are certain restrictions
for them. They usually feel uncomfortable when
they follow a LLL activity with the autochtonus
Dutch adults. They feel intimidated and
neglected. They usually follow the LLL programmes
developed by the migrants civil society
organisations.
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(Continues from the previous page)
- Most of the migrants civil society organisations
lack the rigour, knowledge, capacity and the
human resources to provide an effective LLL. - Unlike the formal education, there is no code of
conduct or a transfer system of the organisations
giving education and training services for the
immigrant adults. - The Dutch authorities are unwilling to co-operate
with such organisations. Only some local
authorities co-operate. (i.e. Delfshaven Mekan
Vereniging)
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- The migrant adults (allochtonus Dutch) feel
neglected by the Dutch government. - The LLL facilities provided by the civil society
organisations do not perform according to their
needs. For this reason, the migrant adults tend
not to follow the LLL programs. - The private sector refer the migrant adults
reluctant to pay for the LLL, therefore they do
not develop programmes especially designed for
the migrant adults.
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Is there a need for adult migrants participation
to the LLL?
- The findings of this research showed that
- The allochtonus and the autochtonus Dutch agree
upon the importance of the term integration. It
is referred as the most important problem of the
Dutch society.
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- There are basically two groups of indicators of
integration. The structural-functional and the
socio-cultural indicators. The autochtonus and
the alloctonus Dutch adults agree upon the first
group. (work, language, housing). - Their view differ with regard to the second group
of indicators. (inter-ethnic marriage, friends,
religion).
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- The local Dutch adults expect the migrant adults
to be less demanding about their civil and
cultural rights, while the immigrant adults tend
to expect respect to a great extent. - Above all, the LLL is simply required to foster
the education of the migrant adults about their
civil liberties within a democratic society.
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Tentative Conclusions and Recommendations
- The strategies to manage the adult migrants
participation to the LLL would be - - Flexibility of the time schedule
- - The enlargement of accesibility (percentages of
part-time students, positive discrimination)
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- - to overcome the lack of national measures, a
general code of conduct regarding the LLL
activities. - - to promote co-operation between the civil
society organisations providing the LLL. - - to accelerate professionalization of adult
educators, especially in the civil society
sector. - - to develop communication and co-operation
between three sectors.
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- - to facilitate the availability of information
and counselling services for migrant adults. - - to further democratic participation and be
effective on decision-making. Lobby to change the
policy statements (laws, regulations,
recommendations or reports) that are incapable of
promoting and generating the LLL.
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- - to expand the extent of the LLL through the
involvement of other sectors such as agriculture,
environment, health and justice. - - to create funding sources for adult education.
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