Review fundamentals of Japanese grammarfrom Jpn100' - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Review fundamentals of Japanese grammarfrom Jpn100'
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Copula (desu, iru, aru): Ano hito wa sensei desu. That person is a teacher. ... must have a copula or verb (explicit or implied). The copula or verb must come ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: Review fundamentals of Japanese grammarfrom Jpn100'
1
JPN 105 Lesson 0 Objectives
- Review fundamentals of Japanese grammar from
Jpn-100. - Cover additional Akiyama material not
presented in Jpn-100. - Insure everyone is starting at the same level.
2
1. Word Order (Akiyama Section 3)
- Subject-Object-Verb Construction
- Ano hito wa pan o kaimashita
- That person topic marker bread object
marker bought. - That person bought bread.
- Question Particle
- Ano hito wa pan o kaimashita ka.
- That person topic marker bread object marker
bought question marker did? - Did that person buy bread?
- Copula (desu, iru, aru)
- Ano hito wa sensei desu.
- That person is a teacher.
- Hito wa takusan imasu.
- There are many people.
- Jidoosha wa takusan arimasu.
- There are many cars.
3
1. Word Order (Akiyama Section 3 - Continued)
- Direct object (o)
- Watashi wa mainichi uchi de shinbun o takusan
yomimasu. - I read many newspapers at home everyday.
- Everyday I read many newspapers at home.
- At home everyday I read many newspapers.
- Rules
- A Japanese sentence must have a copula or verb
(explicit or implied). - The copula or verb must come at the end of the
sentence. - A particle immediately follows the word (or
words) it marks. - Words denoting time usually come before words
denoting place. - Changing position of words in a sentence does
not change the function of the word (or the
meaning of the sentence).
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2. Nouns (Akiyama Section 4)
- Nouns name or refer to a person, place, thing,
quality or concept. - The concept of proper versus common nouns is
absent in Japanese. - There are no gender (masculine, feminine, or
neuter) forms. - All nouns can be singular or plural.
- Articles (a, an, the) are not used with Japanese
nouns. - Honorific prefixes are sometimes used with nouns
(o- for Japanese words, go- for words of Chinese
origin) oyu, ocha, gohan (hot water, green tea,
and cooked rice) are examples. - Noun suffixes are common
- -ya the person or place where a thing is sold
(niku-ya butcher shop or butcher). - -ka a person with special knowledge or
expertise on a subject (seiji-ka politician).
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3. Pronouns (Akiyama Section 5)
- Pronouns take the place of nouns.
- Japanese prefer to use a persons name with san
rather than a pronoun. - There are no cases for pronouns in Japanese
(nominative, objective, possessive). - Personal pronouns
- kare he (boyfriend) karera
they, them - kanojo she (girlfriend)
kanojotachi they, them - ano hito that person (neutral) ano
hitotachi those persons - ano kata that person (neutral) ano
katagata those persons
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3. Pronouns (Akiyama Section 5) (Continued)
- Interrogative pronouns
- do how dore
which (persons, things) - donna what kind of dotchi
which (of two choices) - dochira where, which (direction,
preference) - Indefinite pronouns
- dareka someone daremo . .
.nai no one - donataka someone donatamo . . .
nai no one - doreka something doremo . . .
nai nothing - dokoka somewhere dokomo . . . nai
nowhere - nanika something nanimo . . .
nai nothing - ikuraka some, a little ikuramo . . .
nai not much - nandemo anything nanimo . . .nai
nothing
7
3. Pronouns (Akiyama Section 5) (Continued)
- Demonstatative words
- konna, sonna, anna this kind, that kind,
that kind - ko, so, a this way, that way, that way
(doing) - kochira, sochira, achira here, this
there, that there, that - (direction)
- Reflexive pronoun
- jibun ones self (myself, yourself,
himself, themselves)
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3. Particles (Akiyama Section 6)
- Show relationship of a word, phrase, or clause to
the rest of a sentence. - Some particles show grammatical function
(subject, time, object). - Some particles have meaning by themselves like
English prepositions. - Because they follow the word or words they mark,
they are called postpositions.
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3. Particles (Akiyama Section 6) (Continued)
- Possessive no
- Watashi no hon My book
- Anata no hon Your book
- Appositional no
- Nikuya no Doi-san The butcher,
Mr. Doi - Haha no Kazumi-san The mother, Kazumi
- Location
- ue, shita top, bottom
- mae, ushiro front, back
- naka, soto inside, outside
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3. Particles (Akiyama Section 6) (Continued)
- Limitation
- dake only
- kore dake motte imasu. I have only
this. - shika only (used with negative verb, but
positive meaning) - kore shika motte imasen I have only this.
- (Except for this, I have nothing)
- Extent or degree
- hodo as much as, as . . . As
- gurai about
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