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Title: Scripting collaboration with ManyScripts http:manyscripts'epfl'ch


1
Scripting collaboration with ManyScripts
http//manyscripts.epfl.ch/
  • Patrick.Jermann_at_epfl.ch

2
A script defines a distributed cognitive
system.Learning results from compensating the
drawbacks of task distribution
3
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4
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5
META
Regulation
TASK
6
Arguemntation
Againts
PRO
7
Part B
Explanation
Part A
8
CSCL Scripts
Outside
Class
Team
Solo
  • Examples
  • Jigsaw script (Aronson, 1978)
  • explaining to each other
  • Conflict (Doise , Mugny Perret-Clermont , 1975
    )
  • arguing with each other
  • Reciprocal script (Palincsar Brown, 1984)
  • questioning each other

e.g. Dillenbourg Jermann, 2007
9
Taking risks
  • http//manyscripts.epfl.ch/
  • Login using AAI login
  • Bug if your name has accents
  • Signup to a group
  • Group students_domain_24
  • Code 6497860

10
Doing the argue graph
  • Shorter time than usual
  • Just to illustrate the concept
  • Phases
  • Phase 1 individual questions
  • Phase 2 group formation
  • Phase 3 pair questions
  • Phase 4 debriebing

11
Strong support
Interdependence
Independence
Weak support
12
Question 1
  • When assigning grades to a group of learners is
    it better to
  • Assign the same grade to all members of the group
  • Assign grades depending on individual performance
  • Do not assign grades

13
Q1 distribution of grades (reward)
  • STAD (Student Teams-Achievement Divisions) and
    TGT (Team-Games-Tournament)
  • Positive reward interdependence (team score)
  • Heterogeneous groups of 4
  • Participation problems
  • Free-riding sucker effect some members do not
    do their share
  • Providing incentives for contributing
  • Combination of individual scores and team scores
  • Making contributions indispensable
  • Distributing expertise and/or information, making
    the task difficult
  • Decreasing the cost of contributions
  • Reviews on participation Geen, 1991Aiello
    Douhitt, 2001
  • See reviews by Slavin, 1995 Johnson, Johnson
    Stanne, 2000

14
Competition
Collaboration
Negative Interdependence
Cooperation
Positive Interdependence
Independence
Students have opposed goals  I can achieve my
goal only if the others cannot achieve their
goal 
15
Question
  • A team has to learn the laws of gravitation by
    solving a problem. Is it better to
  • Give the same resources to all participants (e.g.
    calculator, formulaire mathématique, weights,
    springs, scale)
  • Give each individual a different set of resources

16
Question
  • When students work in a team of 4 (e.g. to write
    a common text) it is best when
  • They split the task and work independently on
    parts of the text
  • They work in groups of 2 on small parts of the
    text.
  • They adopt roles (editor, writer, spell checker,
    etc.)

17
Distribution of resources
  •  Vertical  division of labor
  • Group Investigation (Sharan Sharan, 1992)
    Jigsaw (Aronson, 1978)
  • Students work on subsets of the domain
  • Motivation through  Unicity of contributions 
  •  Horizontal  division of labor
  • Reciprocal teaching (Brown and Palincsar, 1989)
  • Roles (expert novice tutor tutee etc.)

18
Flexibility
Collaboration
Interdependence
Independence
Cooperation
Division of Labor
19
Question
  • A team of students uses a simulation. What kind
    of online help is most profitable ?
  • The computer helps the group to decide what to do
    next (e.g. vary parameter x, change the scale of
    the output, etc.)
  • The computer provides a glossary of related
    formulae from the help menu.
  • The computer keeps track of past trials and
    allows students to jump back to a previous
    situation.

20
What should be distributed ?
  • Computer as an external memory allows to off-load
    the learners
  • Computer as a metacognitive regulator
  •   ceding the executive function to the
    surround is often one of the most powerful moves
    we can make (Perkins, 1993, p. 97).
  •  It is not the computer that should be doing the
    diagnosing, the goal-setting, and the planning.
    It is the student.  (Scardamalia et al. 1989)
  • mixed forms of regulation (Broekarts (1999)
  • higher-order thinking should not be taken over
    (Perkins, 1993)

21
Types of support
  • Structuring
  • Semi-structured interfaces
  • Scripts
  • Regulating
  • Awareness tools
  • Metacognitive tools
  • Guides

22
Strong support
ITS
CSCL Collaboration
Interdependence
Independence
CSCWCooperation
Groupware
Weak support
23
Over-scripting
Strong support
Interdependence
Independence
Weak support
Unpredictable results
24
  • Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL)

?
  • Initial conditions
  • Group composition
  • Physical and temporal context
  • Task characteristics
  • Tool features
  • Outcomes
  • Learning
  • Performance

Dillenbourg al., 1999
25
Debriefing
Graph
TheArgue Graph Script
Duo questionnaire
Solo questionnaire
Synthesis

26
Debriefing
Graph
TheArgue Graph Script
Duo questionnaire
Solo questionnaire
Synthesis
Conflict

27
Debriefing
Graph
TheArgue Graph Script
Duo questionnaire
Solo questionnaire
Synthesis
Conflict

28
Debriefing
Graph
TheArgue Graph Script
Duo questionnaire
Solo questionnaire
Synthesis
Theories Behavioursim Constructivism Metacognition
Design choices Immediate FB Delayed FB Microworld
FB

29
Debriefing
Graph
TheArgue Graph Script
Duo questionnaire
Solo questionnaire
Synthesis

30
Argue Graph Social Planes
Social
Group
Individual
31
The Concept Grid Script
Group Formation
Debriefing
Role Selection
Grid Construction
Writing Definitions
Readings
http//manyscripts.epfl.ch
32
The Concept Grid Script
Group Formation
Debriefing
Role Selection
Grid Construction
Writing Definitions
Readings
http//manyscripts.epfl.ch
33
The Concept Grid Script
Group Formation
Debriefing
Role Selection
Grid Construction
Writing Definitions
Readings
http//manyscripts.epfl.ch
34
The Concept Grid Script
Group Formation
Debriefing
Role Selection
Grid Construction
Writing Definitions
Readings
http//manyscripts.epfl.ch
35
The Concept Grid Script
Group Formation
Debriefing
Role Selection
Grid Construction
Writing Definitions
Readings
Mettre un sldie ou ils ident la grille relation
http//manyscripts.epfl.ch
36
The Concept Grid Script
Group Formation
Debriefing
Role Selection
Grid Construction
Writing Definitions
Readings
http//manyscripts.epfl.ch
37
  • Script
  • sequence of activities
  • dataflow
  • one core learning mechanism
  •  Integrated 
  • distance face2face
  • with/out computers
  • different social planes
  • Debriefing
  • Distilling students productions into
    theoretical concepts
  • Orchestrating
  • Timing matters
  • Flexibility
  • Orchestration
  • Pedagogical, spatial and temporal articulation of
    individual, collaborative and class activities
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