Breakout Session V Technology Opportunities Current Technology

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Breakout Session V- Technology
OpportunitiesCurrent Technology

• Dale A. Blasi
• Kansas State University

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Presentation Outline

• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• ISO Standards
• Challenges/issues
• Future developments

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Ever seen characters like this?
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Problem

• Front end to the computer is a HUMAN

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What is Radio Frequency ID?

• Sister technology to barcodes
• Radio waves vs light waves
• Reads through non-metallic materials
• Does not require line-of-sight
• Withstand harsh environments

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Radio Frequency Spectrum
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• ISO 11784 Agricultural Equipment Radio
  Frequency Identification of Animals Code
  structure
• ISO 11785 Agricultural Equipment Radio
  Frequency Identification of Animals Technical
  concept

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International Committee for Animal Recording
(ICAR)

• Primary mission
• Standardize procedures and methods used in
  recording of livestock data
• Establish test procedures for the approval of
  equipment and methods for recording data
• Based on general agreement with ISO (Resolution
  ISO/TC 23/SC 19 N 113, No. 45 August, 1996),
  ICAR has been developing procedures to verify
  compliance of RFID systems with the standards and
  the user requirements

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ISO 11785

• Transponders (tags) meet req. set forth by clause
  6 of the international standard
• Tranceivers (readers) are in conformance provided
  they meet the req. set forth by clause 6 and
  annex A, provided the latter is applicable
• Clause 6 sets forth the activation field and
  frequency (134.2 13.42 x 10-3) and defines the
  timing sequence for both HDX and FDXb air
  interfaces

• ISO does not have the responsibility of
  determining compliance with ISO standards

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Half duplex (HDX) and Full duplex (FDX)

• ISO 11785 permits either one-way at a time signal
  transmission (HDX) or simultaneous two-way signal
  transmission.
• It is necessary to have the combination of the
  two systems into one reader in order to be an
  ISO-compliant reader.
• Combining both systems slightly deteriorates
  their performance.
• FDX functions better without the interruption of
  the activation field, necessary for HDX

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TRANSmitter/resPONDER

• Passive vs active
• Data carrying options
• Data read rates
• Programming options
• Physical form
• Costs

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Passive vs Active Transponders

• Passive
• No internal battery
• Lighter
• Less expensive
• Virtual unlimited operational life
• Active
• Internal battery- finite lifetime
• Read/write devices
• Greater size/cost
• Greater communication range
• Higher data transmission rates

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Data Carrying Options

• Identifier
• Numeric/alpha-numeric string for ID purposes
• Simple lookup number
• Portable data files
• Decentralized database
• Increased tag complexity usually accompanied by
  an increase in the data memory of the device
  which, in turn, generally reflects an increase in
  cost

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Transponder cost

• Complexity of circuit function
• Construction and memory capacity
• Manner in which the transponder is
  packaged

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Reader/Interrogator/Scanner
Functions

• Transmit and receive RF signals
• Contain a control unit to execute commands
• Incorporate an interface to transfer data
• Receives commands from the host computer
• Responds to software commands from the host
  computer

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Readers can differ considerably

• Depends upon the type of transponders being
  supported
• Intended function
• Handheld vs stationary
• Sophisticated functions
• Signal conditioning
• Parity error checking and correction

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Challenges/Issues LF RFID

• Environment
• Read range
• Contention

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Physical form
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Factors that affect Reader Range

• Power available to the reader
• Power available within the tag to respond
• Antenna characteristics and size
• Competition from other devices emitting electric
  signals

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Dielectric Materials

• Materials that freely
• Conduct radio energy
• Absorb it
• Detune it
• Reflect it
• Liquids and metals present the biggest challenges

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Anti-contention/collision
Defined Term(s) used to denote an event when
two or more transponders compete for attention
from the reader at the same time resulting in
potential misreading.
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• Loss in efficiency
• Added costs Equipment/labor
• Excessive handling

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Read Distance of Four eID Tags as Influenced by
Reader
USAIP Bovine Standards Subcommittee 5/18/04
50 tags were randomly selected to represent each
manufacturer
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Analysis of Performance of FDX-b Transponders

• Manufacturer Resonance Freq Tag
  Response (mVolt)
• A 129.0 30
• A 128.7 23
• B 124.0 no response
• B 125.0 no response
• C 131.0 23
• D 134.0 79
• D 133.9 78
• D 134.6 80
• E 135.2 39
• E 135.6 39
• E 135.0 40

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Read Distance of Eight eID Tags as Influenced by
Reader
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Animal ID Resources
www.beefstockerusa.org
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Dale A. Blasi Kansas State University KSU Animal
ID Knowledge Laboratory dblasi_at_ksu.edu