Space Technology Management and Innovation Workshop

1

• Technology Management
• for Galileo Applications
• Alenia Spazio S.p.A.
• Space Technology Management and Innovation
  Workshop
• Lisbon, Portugal 7-9 May 2003

2
CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION
• OVERVIEW OF GALILEO SYSTEM
• TECHNOLOGY ISSUES IN GALILEO
• GALILEO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
• CONCLUSIONS

3

• INTRODUCTION

4
GALILEO AND NAVIGATION IN EUROPE

• GALILEO IS THE FIRST SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM
  DEVELOPED IN EUROPE
• THE DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF GALILEO
  REQUIRE
• SPECIC KNOWLEDGE OF NAVIGATION SYSTEM ASPECTS TO
  DESIGN AND VALIDATE THE SYSTEM AND
• THE LAUNCH OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT TO
  BUILD THE SYSTEM
• ON BOTH THESE AREAS STRONG EFFORT HAS BEEN DONE
  IN EUROPE AT INSTITUTIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL LEVEL
  SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE PROJECT. THIS TO FILL
  THE EXISTING GAP AND MEET THE SCHEDULE OF THE
  PROGRAMME (FOC on 2008).

5
GALILEO AND NAVIGATION IN EUROPE

• FIRST EXPERIENCE IN EUROPE ON NAVIGATION HAS BEEN
  DONE THROUGH THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE
  EGNOS SYSTEM
• NAVIGATION SYSTEM ASPECTS
• GROUND SEGMENT PROCESSING (INTEGRITY)
• SINCE 1998/99 THE FIRST ESA CSS STUDY AND THEN
  THE GALILEO DEFINITION PHASE (through GalileoSat,
  GALILEO Phase B2 from ESA and GALA, GALILEI from
  EC) WITH THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT LAUNCHED
  IN PARALLEL BY ESA HAVE CREATED SOLID BASIS FOR
  THE START OF THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

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TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LOGIC
7

• OVERVIEW OF GALILEO SYSTEM

8
THE NAVIGATION CONCEPT

• POSITIONING
• DETERMINATION OF
• LATITUDE
• LONGITUDE
• ALTITUDE
• TIME
• GUIDANCE
• OPTIMUM PATH FROM POINT A TO POINT B
• GIS
• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (METEO, TRAFFIC, ETC.)
• COMPLEMENTARY SENSORS
• REAL-TIME INFORMATION PROCESSING
• ? NAVIGATION POSITIONING GUIDANCE

9
THE GALILEO MISSION

• GALILEO IS THE EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTION TO THE GNSS
  SYSTEM (Global Navigation Satellite System). The
  GNSS will be the base infrastructure for the
  future management of the integrated mobility at
  world scale.
• GALILEO IS A SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEM WITH A
  GLOBAL COVERAGE, MULTIMODAL AND UNDER THE CONTROL
  OF A CIVIL AUTORITY.
• GALILEO IS CONCEIVED TO BE AN AUTONOMOUS,
  COMPATIBLE AND INTEROPERABLE SYSTEM. It will be
  guaranteed the interoperability with already
  existing and/or near planned navigation systems,
  particularly with the American GPS system.

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GALILEO BASIC SERVICES

• PRIMARY SERVICES
• OAS (Open Access Service) open access free of
  charge signal for generic applications (e.g.
  mass market)
• CAS (Commercial Access Service) controlled
  access signal including additional information
  for commercial applications
• SAS (Safety-of-life Access Service) controlled
  access signal with integrity additional
  information for critical applications
• PRS (Public Related Service) controlled access
  signal restricted to governmental applications
• SUPPORT SERVICES
• SAR (Search Rescue) Search Rescue service
  as support to the COSPAS-SARSAT system

11
GALILEO FREQUENCY PLAN

• (1) FREQUENCY BAND 1164-1215 MHz (E5A-E5B)
• SIGNALS OAS, CAS, SAS
• (2) FREQUENCY BAND 1260-1300 MHz (E6) (radar)
• SIGNALS CAS, PRS
• (3) FREQUENCY BAND 1559-1591 MHz (L1)
• SIGNALS OAS, CAS, SAS, PRS
• OAS ? BANDS (1) e (3)
• CAS ? BANDS (1), (2) e (3)
• SAS ? BANDS (1) e (3)
• PRS ? BANDS (2) e (3)

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS (DESIGN DRIVERS)

• COVERAGE FULL EARTH, up to 20 km altitude
• SERVICE Safety-of-Life, dual frequency
• AVALABILITY 0.995
• MASK. ANGLE 10
• TTFF 100s cold start, 30s warm start
• ACCURACY (95) 8 m V, 4 m H
• UTC time 30 ns
• CONTINUITY 10-5/15s
• INTEGRITY (Global)
• Alert limit 20 m V, 12 m H
• Time-to-Alert 6 s
• Risk 3.5x10-7/150 s

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THE GALILEO ARCHITECTURE

• GALILEO INFRASTRUCTURE IS BASED ON TWO SEGMENTS
• SPACE SEGMENT
• GROUND SEGMENT
• THE SPACE SEGMENT HAS THE FUNCTION OF RADIATING
  TOWARDS THE OVERALL EARTH SURFACE the GALILEO
  signal
• THE GROUND SEGMENT HAS THE FUNCTION OF
  CONTROLLING THE SYSTEM TO GUARANTEE THE SPECIFIED
  PERFORMANCES TO THE END USER
• THE GALILEO SYSTEM DEFINES ITS OWN TIME REFERENCE
  AND ITS OWN SPACE REFERENCE

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THE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE (cont.)

• SPACE SEGMENT
• THE SPACE SEGMENT INCLUDES A CONSTELLATION OF 30
  MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) SATELLITES
• THE SATELLITES ARE POSITIONED ON 3 ORBITAL PLANES
  (10 satellites per orbital plane).
• THE ORBTAL PLANES HAVE AN INCLINATION OF 56 WITH
  AN ALTITUDE OF 23.616 km.
• AMONG 30 SATELLITES, 27 ARE OPERATIVE WHILE THE
  REMAINING 3 (1 per orbital plane) ARE IN ORBIT
  BACK-UP

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THE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE (cont.)

• GROUND SEGMENT
• GROUND MISSION SYSTEM
• NAVIGATION MISSION CONTROL
• INTEGRITY DETERMINATION
• GROUND CONTROL SYSTEM
• CONSTELLATION CONTROL
• In addition ...
• LOCAL COMPONENTS
• SPECIFIC PERFORMANCES ON RESTRICTED AREAS
• SPECIALISED SERVICES
• COMBINATION WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES

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GALILEO MEO SATELLITE
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GALILEO MEO SATELLITE (cont.)
C-Band Antenna
Navigation Antenna
S R Antenna
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SATELLITE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

• SATELLITE MASS AT LAUNCH about 700 kg
• DIMENSIONS (main body) (2700x1200x1100) mm
• LENGHT (solar panel deployed) 13 m
• CONSUMPTION 1600 W
• TTC S Band (Zenith e Nadir antenna,
  dual-mode)
• LIFE TIME 12 years
• LAUNCHERS
• ARIANE-5 ECB up to 8 satellites
• PROTON up to 6 satellites
• SOYUZ-ST 2003 up to 2 satellites
• ZENIT-2 from 2 to 4 satellites

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NAVIGATION PAYLOAD
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SAR PAYLOAD
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PAYLOADS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

• NAVIGATION PAYLOAD
• MASS about 115 kg
• CONSUPTION about 780 W
• TIME 2 Rubidium clock 2 passive MASER
• ANTENNA (TX L Band) (1.32 x 1.48) m
• ANTENNA (RX C Band) 0.35 m diameter
• SAR PAYLOAD
• MASS 20 kg
• CONSUPTION 100 W
• ANTENNA (RX VHF) (1.0 x 1.0 x 0.3) m

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THE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE (cont.)
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THE GROUND SEGMENT FACILITIES

• ELEMENTS OF THE GROUND MISSION SYSTEM
• GSS (Galileo Sensor Station) 29 stations for
  orbit determination, time synchronisation and
  integrity determination (3 chains navigation,
  integrity, back-up)
• ULS (Up-Link Station) 10 C-band stations for the
  up-link of the navigation message
• MDDN (Mission Data Dissemination Network)
  network connecting the G/S elements
• OSPF (ODTS Processing Facility) processing
  centre of orbital data and for timing
  synchronisation
• IPF (Integrity Processing Facility) integrity
  processing centre
• PTF (Precise Timing Facility) centre for the
  determination of the Galileo System Time (GST)

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THE GROUND SEGMENT FACILITIES (cont.)

• ELEMENTS OF THE GROUND MISSION SYSTEM
• GACF (Ground Asset Control Facility) centre for
  the MC of the elements
• MCF (Mission Control Facility) centre for the
  on-line monitoring and control and planning of
  the Mission
• MSF (Mission Support Facility) centre for the
  off-line monitoring and control and planning of
  the Mission
• MGF (Message Generation Facility) centre for the
  generation of the navigation message (navigation,
  integrity, SAR, NRS)
• SPF (Service Products Facility) distribution
  centre of Galileo products, external interface of
  the Ground Segment

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THE GROUND SEGMENT FACILITIES (cont.)

• ELEMENTS OF THE GROUND CONTROL SYSTEM
• SCF (Satellite Control Facility) constellation
  control, it also includes the MC of the TTC
• TTC (Telemetry, Tracking Command station) 5
  stations to interface the SCF with the
  constellation
• SDDN (Satellite Data Distribution Network)
  network connecting the Ground Control System
  elements

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GALILEO FINAL SCENARIO
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GALILEO APPLICATIONS

• GALILEO-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
• MAIN DISCRIMINATORS OF GALILEO ARE THE INTEGRITY
  AND THE SERVICE GUARANTEE
• WHERE IT IS REQUIRED HIGH LEVEL OF INTEGRITY,
  CONTINUITY AND/OR THE SERVICE GUARANTEE GALILEO
  WILL ALLOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATIONS
  CURRENTLY NOT FEASIBLE WITH GPS.
• GPS-LIKE APPLICATIONS
• ALL APPLICATIONS ALREADY DEVELOPED OR UNDER
  EXPERIMENTATION FOR GPS WILL BE EXTENDED TO
  GALILEO
• GPS/GALILEO APPLICATIONS
• SYSTEM INTEROPERABILITY WILL REQUIRE THE USE OF
  DUAL-MODE TERMINALS WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF
  EXTENDING THE SATELLITE VISIBILITY.
• SUCH POSSIBILITY WILL GENERATE ADDITIONAL NEW
  APPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS
  WITH HIGH REQUIREMENTS

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GALILEO APPLICATIONS (cont.)

• Applications for Navigation start from position
  and time information provided by the system to
  built up specific added-value services through
  the integration of different techniques and
  technologies
• Positioning Applications
• very accurate measurement of an object position
  (static)
• Navigation Applications
• measurement of a reference object movement
  (dynamic)
• Timing Applications
• time reference provision for synchronisation

29
GALILEO APPLICATIONS (cont.)

• Requirements for the Applications for Navigation
  are characterised through requirements given in
  terms of following main parameters
• Accuracy
• the accuracy required for the position
  information
• Availability
• the availability of the information required with
  given performances
• Continuity
• the probability that the information is available
  with given performances in a given time interval,
  assuming that at the beginning of this interval
  the performances are achieved.
• Integrity
• the capability of the system to inform the end
  user within a given time that the performances
  are going to be out of specification

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GALILEO APPLICATIONS (cont.)

• Transport Applications
• Maritime
• Aeronautic
• Road
• Railway
• Space
• Non-transport Applications
• Location Based Services
• Personal Mobility
• Environment
• Geodesy
• Geology
• Civil Engineering
• Agriculture and Fisheries
• Telecommunications
• ...

31
GALILEO APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORT

• TRANSPORT
• ROAD
• FLEET MANAGEMENT
• INTELLIGENT NAVIGATION
• TRAFFIC CONTROL
• AUTOMATIC GUIDANCE
• RAILWAY
• HIGH SPEED TRAIN MONITORING AND CONTROL
• CONVOY MANAGEMENT
• MARITIME AND WATERWAY
• FLEET MANAGEMENT
• COASTAL NAVIGATION ASSISTANCE
• SEARCH AND RESCUE
• AERONAUTICAL
• ROUTES OPTIMISATION
• SURVEILLANCE
• SPACE
• ORBIT DETERMINATION

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OTHER GALILEO APPLICATIONS

• PERSONAL MOBILITY
• LOCATION BASED SERVICES
• ASSISTANCE TO HANDICAPPED PEOPLE
• SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
• CRISIS MANAGEMENT
• ENVIROMENTAL CONTROL
• INTELLIGENT FARMING
• ETC.
• PROFESSIONAL APPLICATIONS
• GEODESY
• GEOLOGY
• SISMOLOGY
• CIVIL ENGINEERING
• TRANSPORT ENGINEERING

33
OTHER GALILEO APPLICATIONS (cont.)

• ENVIROMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROL, e.g.
• LANDSLIDE MONITORING
• WATERWAY LEVEL AND FLOW MONITORING
• DANGEROUS GOODS TRANSPORTATION MONITORING
• ETC.
• SAFETY AND SECURITY, e.g.
• SEARCH AND RESCUE
• REAL-TIME EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
• PERSONAL SECURITY
• ETC.
• PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE MODERNISATION, e.g.
• INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
• MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS
• ETC.

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DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATIONS

• The process of the development of applications
  has to be phased with the evolution of the
  Navigation Infrastructure available
• Taking into account the future evolution plan,
  the scenario can be outlined into two main groups
  of developments
• Applications EGNOS-specific
• Applications Galileo-specific
• validated in a first step by using the GPS plus
  EGNOS system
• validated in a second step by using the Galileo
  IOV configuration
• validated in a third step by using the Galileo
  final system.

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• TECHNOLOGY ISSUES IN GALILEO

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SPACE SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY ISSUES

• RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ASPECTS
• FOR SATELLITES LOCATED ON MEDIUM ORBITS (ABOUT
  20.000 KM) THE LEVEL OF RADIATION CAN REACH
  VALUES THAT ARE SENSIBLE HIGHER THAN GEO ORBITS
• THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS NEED TO BE PROTECTED BY
  A CERTAIN EQUIVALENT AMOUNT OF MATERIAL
  (SPACECRAFT STRUCTURE PLUS UNIT PACKAGING), WHOSE
  THICKNESSIS DEPENDS ON THE ACTUAL RADIATION DOSE
• BEING THE MATERIAL THICKNESS THE SAME THE
  RADIATION DOSE FOR A MEO CAN BE 3 TIMES OR EVEN
  MORE THE DOSE EXPERIENCED BY A GEO
• ON THE CONTRARY, FOR A GIVEN MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
  DOSE FOR A COMPONENT (e.g 50 krad), IN CASE OF A
  MEO SATELLITE THE REQUIRED EQUIVALENT THICKNESS
  CAN BE 30 HIGHER

37
SPACE SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY ISSUES (cont.)

• RADIATION ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS
• REQUIRE USE OF SPECIAL COMPONENTS (RAD-HARD HIGH
  REL COMPONENTS)
• REQUIRE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPECIFIC DESIGN
  SOLUTIONS AND TECHNIQUES
• INCREASING OF SATELLITE MASS
• SATELLITE SOLAR PANELS MAY REQUIRE OVER
  DIMENSIONING TO ENSURE THE PROPER EFFICIENCY FOR
  THE ENTIRE SATELLITE LIFETIME

38
SPACE SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY ISSUES (cont.)

• SPACE QUALIFIED CLOCKS
• SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS SHOW STRINGENT
  REQUIREMENTS FOR TIME SYNCHRONISATION
• VERY ACCURATE AND STABLE ATOMIC CLOCKS ARE
  REQUIRED ON-BOARD TO FULFIL SUCH REQUIREMENTS
• THE TECHNOLOGY OF ATOMIC CLOCKS QUALIFIED FOR
  SPACE OPERATIONS IS NOT CURRENTLY AVALABLE IN
  EUROPE, EVEN IF ATOMIC CLOCKS FOR GROUND
  APPLICATIONS ARE WELL PROVEN AND COMMERCIALLY
  AVAILABLE
• FOR THIS REASON THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY HAS
  ALREADY ACTIVATED DEVELOPMENTS OF SPACE ATOMIC
  CLOCKS

39
SPACE SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY ISSUES (cont.)

• SPACE QUALIFIED CLOCKS
• MAIN REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACE QUALIFIED ATOMIC
  CLOCKS ARE
• STABILITY VS. TEMPERATURE
• STABILITY VS. GRAVITY ACCELERATION
• STABILITY VS. MAGNETIC FIELD
• VIBRATION
• MASS
• VOLUME
• POWER CONSUPTION
• LIFETIME
• THE GALILEO NAVIGATION PAYLOAD DESIGN FORESEES
  THE USE OF 4 ATOMIC CLOCKS, 2 PASSIVE MASER AND 2
  RUBIDIUM STANDARD IN THE FOLLOWING CONFIGURATION
• PASSIVE HYDROGEN MASER 1 ACTIVE
• PASSIVE HYDROGEN MASER 2 COLD BACK-UP
• RUBIDIUM STANDARD 1 HOT BACK-UP
• RUBIDIUM STANDARD 2 COLD BACK-UP

40
SPACE SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY ISSUES (cont.)

• NAVIGATION PAYLOAD RF IMPORTANT ITEMS
• SOLID STATE POWER AMPLIFIER (SSPA)
• provide amplification of lower/upper band signals
• lower band (E5 1164 MHz E6 1300 MHz)
• upper band (L1 1559-1591 MHz)
• OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER (OMUX)
• combining amplified signals towards the antenna
  input
• high rejection of spurious signals
• PHASE ARRAY ANTENNA
• beam forming network and array of radiating
  elements
• provides isoflux radiation pattern
• NAVIGATION PAYLOAD BASEBAND IMPORTANT ITEMS
• NAVIGATION PROCESSOR
• navigation data structure generation
• navigation signal generation
• interface with TM/TC subsystem

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GROUND SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY ISSUES

• CONTROL OF THE CONSTELLATION
• DEPLOYMENT OF THE CONSTELLATION (LEOP OR
  INJECTION PHASE)
• FLIGHT DYNAMIC SOFTWARE FOR PRECISE SATELLITE
  ORBIT DETERMINATION
• CONTROL SW FOR THE STABILITY OF THE CONSTELLATION
• RECOVERY PROCEDURES TO OPTIMISE IN-ORBIT
  SATELLITE FAILURES (MANAGEMENT OF SPARE
  SATELLITES)
• CONSTELLATION REPLENISHMENT (HANDOVER MANAGEMENT)

42
SYSTEM ISSUES

• OVERALL SYSTEM VALIDATION AND OPERATIONS
• SYSTEM TEST BED DEVELOPMENT
• QUALIFICATION OF SYSTEM ELEMENTS
• OVERALL SYSTEM VALIDATION
• SIMULATION OF SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS DURING
  OPERATIONS
• CONTROL OF THE NAVIGATION MISSION
• REAL-TIME OPERATIONS (e.g. NETWORK MANAGEMENT)
• AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FAILURE DETECTION AND RECOVERY
• SYSTEM PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND TREND ANALYSIS

43
TECHNOLOGY FOR APPLICATIONS

• The Management of Technology follows two main
  directions
• the integration of the existing technologies
• the evolution of the enabling Technologies
• Enhancement of synergies between Technology
  solutions
• integration of existing technologies
• definition of common application development
  platforms
• Evolution of Enabling Technologies
• for both Positioning and Communication systems

44
APPLICATIONS FOR NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Applications for Navigation are built around the
  following key elements
• Navigation / Positioning Enabling technologies
• GPS / EGNOS / Local Augmentations
• GALILEO / Local Components
• Communication technologies
• augmentation of Navigation system performances
• added value communication services
• Consolidated technologies VHF, GSM, RDS, ...
• Innovative technologies Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
  GPRS/UMTS,
• Remote Processing systems
• elaboration according to user position, user
  request, external information available
• Evolving technologies Database Management
  Systems, GIS, Mapping
• Interfaces with the External Entities
• providing information needed to the service

45

• GALILEO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

46
SPACE SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY

• DURING THE LAST FEW YEARS THE EUROPEAN SPACE
  AGENCY HAS LAUNCHED SEVERAL TECHNOLOGY
  DEVELOPMENTS
• CRITICAL ITEMS (i.e. atomic clock) HAVE BEEN
  STARTED EARLY IN THE DEFINITION PHASE, OTHERS
  (e.g. GSTBV1) HAVE BEEN ACTIVATED LATER BASED ON
  MORE CONSOLIDATED SYSTEM DESIGN
• BOTH SPACE SEGMENT AND GROUND SEGMENT SPECIFIC
  TECHNOLOGY ISSUES HAVE BEEN COVERED
• IN ADDITION TEST TOOLS TO EVALUATE SYSTEM AND
  TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCES HAVE ALSO BEEN CONSIDERED

47
SPACE SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY

• PASSIVE HYDROGEN MASER
• Development Phase
• Industrialisation Phase
• RUBIDIUM ATOMIC CLOCK
• Development Phase
• CAESIUM CLOCK
• Feasibility Study
• RUBIDIUM MASER CLOCK
• Evaluation Study
• ON-BOARD CLOCK MONITORING CONTROL UNIT
• ON-BOARD FREQUENCY GENERATOR U/C UNIT
• ON-BOARD SAR UHF ANTENNA
• ON-BOARD DATA HANDLING UNIT

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GROUND SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY

• G/S DATA MODELS
• COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AND NETWORK SECURITY
  MANAGEMENT
• GROUND SEGMENT REFERENCE ANTENNAS
• CONSTELLATION MISSION CONTROL SYSTEM
• SECURED TTC, INTEGRITY TWSTT GROUND STATION
  EQUIPMENT
• GROUND SEGMENT REFERENCE RECEIVER

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OVERALL SYSTEM

• GALILEO SYSTEM TEST BED (GSTB) V1
• GSTB V1 TEST CASE Combined GPS/Galileo
  Constellations
• GSTB V1 TEST CASE High Accuracy Geodetic
  Applications
• GSTB V1 TEST CASE Atmospheric Performance
  Assessment
• NAVIGATION SIGNAL MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN FOR
  CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTS
• TCAR LABORATORY TESTS
• GALILEO SYSTEM TEST BED (GSTB) V2 (exp.
  satellite)
• to secure the Galileo frequencies
• to qualify the atomic clocks
• to provide measurements on radiation environment

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CONCLUSIONS

• THE GALILEO SYSTEM DESIGN IS NOW SUFFICIENTLY
  CONSOLIDATED TO ALLOW THE START OF THE SYSTEM
  DEVELOPMENT
• THE MAIN TECHNOLOGY ISSUES IN GALILEO HAVE BEEN
  IDENTIFIED AND SPECIFIED AND RELEVANT
  DEVELOPMENTS ARE ON GOING
• THE INCOMING GALILEO IN ORBIT VALIDATION (IOV)
  PHASE WILL ALLOW TO VALIDATE ON THE FIELD MOST
  IMPORTANT SYSTEM SOLUTIONS TOGETHER WITH MAJOR
  TECHNOLOGIES ADOPTED
• THE GALILEO IOV WILL BE THE REAL TEST BENCH
  BEFORE LAUNCHING THE DEPLOYMENT OF THE OVERALL
  SYSTEM