Using Media in Multimedia

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Using Media inMultimedia

• James D. Lehman
• Educational Technology
• School of Education

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Using Multimedia

• Objectives forTodays Presentation

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Objectives

• Identify the major types of media that can be
  incorporated into multimedia.
• Describe basic utilization principles for each
  medium.
• Critically examine examples of the use of various
  media in presentations.

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Using Multimedia

• Types of Media

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Basic Media Types

• Text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video

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Text

• Font
• Typeface, e.g., times, bookman, courier
• Size 24 pt, 32 pt, 48 pt
• Style
• Boldface, italics, underlined
• Shadowed or not shadowed
• Color
• Text color

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Text

• What are the advantages and limitations of text
  as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

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Text

• Advantages
• familiar
• source material readily available
• easily produced
• flexible
• efficient for many types of content
• requires little space

• Limitations
• reading level required
• prior knowledge required
• non-visual
• limited interactivity
• can have transport-ability problems

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Graphics

• Clip Art
• Pictures
• Figures/Graphs
• Animations

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Graphics

• Clip Art
• Pictures
• Figures/Graphs
• Animations

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Graphics

• Clip Art
• Pictures
• Figures/Graphs
• Animations

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Graphics

• Clip Art
• Pictures
• Figures/Graphs
• Animations

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Graphics

• What are the advantages and limitations of
  graphics as a medium of information delivery in
  multimedia?

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Graphics

• Advantages
• efficient
• gain attention
• can be used to support text
• enhance visual appeal

• Limitations
• dealing with varying formats
• storage demands
• complex graphics may not aid learning
• non-relevant graphics can interfere

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Audio

• Simple digital sounds (e.g., WAV files)
• Digitally recorded speech
• Digital music files (e.g., MIDI)
• CD-audio

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Audio

• What are the advantages and limitations of audio
  as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

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Audio

• Advantages
• good for some realistic content or language
  teaching
• helps auditory learners
• can set a mood
• complements other media

• Limitations
• dealing with varying formats
• high storage demands
• may be problematic in some environments

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Video

• Analog video (e.g., videodisc -- requires special
  system and/or 2nd monitor)
• Digital video (e.g., QuickTime, AVI, MPEG)

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Video

• What are the advantages and limitations of video
  as a medium of information delivery in multimedia?

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Video

• Advantages
• familiar medium
• good for realism
• good for showing motion/processes
• good for physical and interpersonal skills
• gains attention

• Limitations
• very high storage demands (digital)
• dealing with varying formats
• digital quality is sometimes poor
• hard to produce requires specialized equipment

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Using Multimedia

• Basic MediaUtilization Principles

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What are some utilization guidelines or
principles for text?
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Using Text

• Keep text simple, and write clearly.
• Use correct spelling and grammar.
• Write at a level appropriate for the audience.
• Use easily readable fonts. Pick a size
  appropriate to the application.
• Avoid uncommon fonts if portability is an issue.
• Dont try to put too much on one screen.

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Using Text

• Use a consistent layout. Use headings to organize
  and communicate.
• Leave plenty of white space.
• Use contrasting colors for text and background.
• Highlight important information, but use
  highlighting sparingly.
• Dont use ALL CAPITALS.

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Using Graphics
Guidelines
What are some utilization guidelines or
principles for graphics?
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Using Graphics

• Keep visuals simple avoid excessive detail.
• Use a clear, uncluttered layout.
• Properly align and balance visual elements.
• Use graphics for interest and to illustrate
  concepts, but avoid non-relevant visuals.
• Use appropriate types of graphics for the content.

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Using Graphics

• Use textual elements with visuals when
  appropriate.
• Use visuals to gain the users attention, e.g.,
  through surprise, interaction, or in other ways.
• Use pleasing, high contrast or complementary
  color combinations use no more than 4-5 colors
  on-screen at once.

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Using Graphics

• Colors either opposite one another or adjacent to
  one another on a color wheel tend to work well
  together.

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What are some utilization guidelines or
principles for audio?
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Using Audio

• Use audio to deliver content when appropriate
  (e.g., famous speech, heart sounds).
• Use only the quality of digital audio (i.e.
  sampling rate) needed for the content.
• Use sounds for emphasis, but avoid using negative
  sounds for feedback.

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Using Audio

• Use music in the background to enhance interest
  or set a tone.
• Be sure sound quality and volume is adequate.
• Make sure audio can be controlled or even turned
  off through the software or hardware.

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What are some utilization guidelines or
principles for video?
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Using Video

• Use video to deliver content with a high degree
  of realism, to show motion/processes, or to show
  people.
• Use video for dramatic effect.
• Use video for content that has a low potential
  for change (because of the production costs).

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Using Video

• When video quality is critical, analog video
  (e.g.,videodisc) or MPEG is probably preferred,
  but lesser digital formats (e.g., QuickTime) work
  for much content.
• Use pacing and presentation changes in video to
  create interest.
• Design digital video for the limitations of the
  computer screen (e.g., sizing).

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Using Multimedia

• Some Examples

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Using Multimedia

• THE END